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Françafrique
Françafrique ((:fʁɑ̃safʁik)) is France's relationship with its former African colonies. The term was first used in a positive sense by President Félix Houphouët-Boigny of Côte d'Ivoire, with reference to that country's economic growth and political stability. However, it is now sometimes used to criticize the allegedly "neocolonial" relationship France has with its African former colonies. Since the independence of African states in 1960, France has intervened militarily more than 30 times in the continent.〔(RFI -14 July 2010 – Olivier Fourt – 1960–2010, 50 ans d’interventions militaires françaises en Afrique )〕 France has military bases in Gabon,〔(French Ministry of Defence – Les Forces françaises au Gabon )〕 Senegal,〔(French Ministry of Defence – Les Éléments français au Sénégal )〕 Djibouti,〔(French Ministry of Defence – Les forces françaises stationnées à Djibouti )〕 Mayotte and Réunion.〔(French Ministry of Defence – Les Forces armées en zone sud de l'Océan Indien )〕 The French Army is also deployed in Mali,〔(French Ministry of Defence – Mali )〕 Chad,〔(French Ministry of Defence – Les éléments français au Tchad (EFT) )〕 Central African Republic,〔(French Ministry of Defence – Les forces françaises en République Centrafricaine )〕 Somalia〔(French Ministry of Defence – Opération EU NAVFOR Somalie / Atalante – Lutte contre la piraterie )〕 and Ivory Coast.〔(French Ministry of Defence – Les forces françaises en Côte d'Ivoire )〕 There is an ongoing dispute as to whether "Françafrique" still exists.〔Samuël Foutoyet, ''Nicolas Sarkozy ou la Françafrique décomplexée'', Tribord, 2009, p. 11 (French)〕〔(50 years later, Françafrique is alive and well – Christophe Boisbouvier – 16 February 2010 – RFI English )〕〔Reconnaissons que l'Elysée rompt avec la « Françafrique », article by Venance Konan, Le Monde, 16 avril 2011 (French)〕 Since 2012, some have spoken of a "return of Françafrique".〔(The New York Times – The Return of Françafrique – PIERRE HASKI – 21 July 2013 )〕〔(Al Jazeera – Ending 'Francafrique' – 12 March 2013 )〕 On 14 July 2013, troops from 13 African countries marched with the French military during the Bastille Day parade in Paris for the first time since French colonial troops were dissolved.〔(France24 - African troops march with French for Bastille Day - 14 July 2013 )〕
== Definition of the concept ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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