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Freidank (''Vrîdanc'') was a Middle High German didactic poet of the early 13th century. He is the author of ''Bescheidenheit'' ("practical wisdom, correct judgement, discretion"〔Matthias Lexer, ''Mittelhochdeutsches Handwörterbuch'' (Leipzig, 1872–1878), (s.v. "bescheidenheit" ).〕), a collection of rhyming aphorisms in 53 thematic divisions, extending to some 4,700 verses. The work was extremely popular in the German Middle Ages and is transmitted in numerous manuscripts, as well as in a Latin translation (''Fridangi Discretio''). ==Life== Nothing about Freidank's life is known with certainty, such hypotheses as there are based on the language and content of his work ''Bescheidenheit''. He would have been born in the later 12th century, and was likely of Swabian origin. ''Freidank'' (''Vrîdanc'', ''Vrîgedanc'') literally translates to "free thought"; passages in Freidank's poetry allude to the freedom of thought, and the name may be an assumed epithet,〔Grimm, ''Vridankes Bescheidenheit'' (1834), (40f. )〕 although ''Freidank'' (''Fridanc, Fridangus'') is also recorded as a German family name in the later medieval period; one ''Bernhard Freidank'' is mentioned in Helbling's ''Lucidarius'' (but it has been argued that this may in fact be a reference to the poet himself.〔 Friedrich Heinrich von der Hagen, ''Germania'', Volume 4 (1841), ( 194–210 ).〕). Wilhelm Grimm (1834) argued that the author is ''Vrîdanc'' is a pseudonym and that the author of ''Bescheidenheit'' is Walter von der Vogelweide. This hypothesis was immediately rejected by the majority of scholars; according to Bartsch (1878), the only German philologist convinced by Grimm's idea was Wackernagel.〔Karl Bartsch, ("Freidank" ) in: ''Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie'' vol. 7 (1878), 336–338.〕 Based on the contents of ''Bescheidenheit'', its author was educated in writing and proper speech, and it is likely that he was a cleric by education. It seems likely that in 1228–1229 he was involved in the Sixth Crusade of the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II, as the section about Acre seems to refer to this period.〔no. 46 in the (W. Grimm edition ); P. 157 line 9 (''Der bû den man ze Jaffe tuot'') refers to the fortifications of Jaffa built by Frederick II in 1228/29.〕 Freidank may have died in 1233, if he was the ''magister Fridancus'' whose death was reported in the annals of the Cistercian monastery at Kaisheim. The chronicler Hartmann Schedel claimed to have seen a monument with Freidank's epitaph in Venetian Treviso in 1465. Gion (1870) argued that the Freidank buried in Treviso died in the 1380s and is not to be confused with the author of the ''Bescheidenheit''.〔J. Guion, ''Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie'' (ZfdPh) 2 (1870), 172ff., cited after Bezzenberger (1872) p. 21.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Freidank」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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