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French Suites (Bach)
The ''French Suites'', BWV 812–817, are six suites which Johann Sebastian Bach wrote for the clavier (harpsichord or clavichord) between the years of 1722 and 1725.〔Bach. ''The French Suites: Embellished version''. Barenreiter Urtext〕 Although Suites 1–4 are typically dated to 1722, it is possible that the first was written somewhat earlier.〔Bach. ''The French Suites: Embellished version''. Barenreiter Urtext〕
The suites were later given the name 'French' (first recorded usage by Friedrich Wilhelm Marpurg in 1762). Likewise, the ''English Suites'' received a later appellation. The name was popularised by Bach's biographer Johann Nikolaus Forkel, who wrote in his 1802 biography of Bach, "One usually calls them French Suites because they are written in the French manner."〔Bach. ''The French Suites: Embellished version''. Barenreiter Urtext〕 This claim, however, is inaccurate: like Bach's other suites, they follow a largely Italian convention.〔Christophe Rousset, notes to the recording of the ''French Suites'', Ambroisie AMB9942〕 There is no surviving definitive manuscript of these suites, and ornamentation varies both in type and in degree across manuscripts.〔Bach. ''The French Suites: Embellished version''. Barenreiter Urtext〕 The Courantes of the first (in D minor) and third (in B minor) suites are in the French style, the Courantes of the other four suites are all in the Italian style. In any case Bach also employed dance movements (such as the Polonaise of the Sixth suite) that are foreign to the French manner. Usually, the swift second movement after the Allemande is named either Courante (French style) or Corrente (Italian style), but in all these suites the second movements are named Courante, according to the Bach catalog listing, which supports the suggestion that these suites are "French". Some of the manuscripts that have come down to us are titled "Suites Pour Le Clavecin", which is what probably led to the tradition of calling them "French" Suites.
Two additional suites, one in A minor (BWV 818), the other in E-flat Major (BWV 819), are linked to the familiar six in some manuscripts. The ''Overture in the French style'', BWV 831, which Bach published as the second part of Clavier-Übung, is a suite in the French style but not connected to the ''French suites''.〔Although see the discussion of French influences in Hans-Joachim Schulze, ''The French Influence in Bach's Instrumental Music'', Early Music, 13:2, 1985 (''J. S. Bach Tercentenary Issue'', 180–184.〕 Some manuscripts have movements not found in other copies, which are probably spurious.
== Structure ==
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