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Friedenstag
''Friedenstag'' (''Peace Day'') is an opera in one act by Richard Strauss, his Opus 81, to a German libretto by Joseph Gregor. Strauss had hoped to work again with Stefan Zweig on a new project after their previous collaboration of ''Die schweigsame Frau'', but the Nazi authorities had harassed Strauss over his collaboration with Zweig, who was of Jewish ancestry. While the idea for the story was from Zweig, he then suggested Gregor as a "safe" collaborator for the actual writing of the libretto.〔(Roger Pines, "''Friedenstag''. Richard Strauss" (recording review). ''The Opera Quarterly'', 9(3), 183-186 (1993). )〕 Zweig's influence on the work nonetheless remained in its "form and dramatic substance".
The opera was premiered at Munich on 24 July 1938〔Franz Trenner, "Richard Strauss and Munich". ''Tempo'' (New Ser.), 69, 5-14 (1964).〕 and dedicated to Viorica Ursuleac and her husband Clemens Krauss, the lead and conductor respectively. Strauss had intended ''Friedenstag'' as part of a double-bill, to be conducted by Karl Böhm in Dresden, that would include as the second part his next collaboration with Gregor, ''Daphne''.〔(Roger Pines, "''Friedenstag''. Richard Strauss" (CD review). ''The Opera Quarterly'', 15(3), 565-568 (1999). )〕
The opera thematically expresses anti-war sentiments, which William Mann has described as "a determined counter to the militaristic policies of Nazi Germany".〔William Mann, "Richard Strauss's ''Friedenstag''". ''Musical Times'', 112(1539), 438-439 (1971).〕 These caused the work to be shelved after the outbreak of World War II.
==Performance history==
In Germany, ''Friedenstag'' was revived in Munich in 1960 and in Dresden in 1995. Pamela Potter has performed a scholarly analysis of the pacifist and anti-war subtext of the opera.〔(Pamela M. Potter, "Strauss's ''Friedenstag'': A Pacifist Attempt at Political Resistance", ''The Musical Quarterly'', LXIX(3), 408-424 (1983). )〕 The work was given its United States premiere under the direction of Walter Ducloux at the University of Southern California in 1967. The first professional production in the US took place at the Santa Fe Opera on 28 July 1988 with a cast that included Richard Lewis, Alessandra Marc, and Mark Lundberg.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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