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Johann Jakob Froberger
Johann Jakob Froberger (baptized 19 May 1616 – 7 May 1667) was a German Baroque composer, keyboard virtuoso, and organist. He was among the most famous composers of the era and influenced practically every major composer in Europe by developing the genre of keyboard suite and contributing greatly to the exchange of musical traditions through his many travels. He is also remembered for his highly idiomatic and personal descriptive harpsichord pieces, which are among the earliest known examples of program music.
Only two of Froberger's many compositions were published during his lifetime,〔Froberger and his heiress forbade any printed edition: the composer himself was against printing of any of his manuscripts to keep his "arcana" and "art" confident; and restrict to his noble patrons / the friends-composers he personally knew, considered worthy and trusted. Also this was a common practice among the composers of the 17th/18th century to avoid becoming copied without payment. In Frobergers case this was handled particularly rigidly, probably following his very high esteem as artist and his good standing/intimate relations with some of the Württembergs and Habsburgs who had the factual power to execute these restrictions. After his death, the manuscripts became property of Froberger's latter patroness Sibylla, Duchess of Württtemberg (1620–1707) who declined any requests for manuscript copies, save a printed edition. This may have been part of Forbergers last will (can anybody verify?). After her death the manuscripts entered the music library of the Württemberg family estate and somehow vanished.
So the non-printing was not a sign of low quality or esteem — quite to the contrary. This may appear a paradox in our times, but was common practice back then. – Source: editorial notes of Bob van Asperen and Siegfried Rampe〕 but his music was very widely spread in manuscript copies and he was one of the very few 17th-century composers who were never entirely forgotten. His works were studied in the 18th century (although perhaps not very extensively), and certainly not without influence on the emerging Classical style by Handel, Bach and, extraordinarily, even Mozart and Beethoven.
== Life ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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