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Fulrad
Saint Fulrad (French: Fulrade) was born in 710 into a wealthy family, and died on July 16, 784 as the Abbot of St. Denis.〔Bunson and Bunson 2003, pp.345.〕 He was the counselor of both Pippin and Charlemagne.〔Halphen 1977, pp.431.〕 Historians see Fulrad as important due to his significance in the rise of the Frankish Kingdom, and the insight he gives into early Carolingian society.〔DeLeeuw 1995, pp.431.〕 He was noted to be have been always on the side on Charlemagne, especially during the attack from the Saxons on Regnum Franserum (Latin for Frankia), and the Royal Mandatum (a royal official of the Carolingian administrative hierarchy).〔Bachrach 2013, pp.420-422.〕 Other historians have taken a closer look at Fulrad’s interactions with the papacy. When Fulrad was the counselor of Pepin he was closely in contact with the papacy to gain approval for Pepin’s appoint as King of the Franks.〔Enright 1985, pp.102.〕 During his time under Charlemagne, he had dealings with the papacy again for different reasons.〔Bachrach 2013, pp.457.〕 When he became Abbot of St. Denis (N.E of Paris), Fulrad’s life became important in the lives of distinct historical figures in various ways during his period as St. Denis’s abbot during the mid-eighth century.〔 Saint Fulrad’s Feast Day is on July 16.〔
== Biography ==
In 710 Fulrad was born in the city of Alsace, Frankia.〔Butler and Burns 2000, pp.129.〕 He joined the abbey of St. Denis, and in 750 he was elected its abbot.〔 With his new position, Fulrad increased the size of the abbey with his inheritance from his parents; as well he retook the land stolen from the abbey by Charles Martel.〔 Fulrad took full advantage of his position to increase his “reach as a leader”.〔Bolgia, McKitterick, and Osborne 2011, pp.137.〕 Fulrad founded new monasteries and operated them himself in the beginning; the monasteries were located in Alsace-Lorraine and Alemannia.〔 Each monastery had relics, which made them pilgrimage destinations; Fulrad profited from them with the taking some of the money that travelers placed on the collection near the saint’s relic;〔 however “as abbot of Saint-Denis, Fulrad’s personal property also belonged to the monastery he led”.〔 With the new monasteries and them being popular pilgrimage destinations, Fulrad asked Pope Stephan II to have a “cloister” bishop in order to provide the pastoral services he was now unable to do at his other monasteries.〔 As abbot, his main priority was to take care and be at the head of St. Denis abbey; that is why he was granted the bishop to take care of his other monasteries.〔 With the position Fulrad had, he advised Frankish bishops; and would go on to have a higher role in the church〔 as a “quasi-bishop”.〔 Fulrad never became bishop, however he did climb up the ladder of the ecclesiastical hierarchy, becoming a “capellanus”;〔Bolgia, McKitterick, and Osborne 2011, pp.138.〕 he was first Pippin III and then Charlemagne’s “arch-Chaplain”;〔 he would later become their counselor.〔 Fulrad had a close relation with the royal family, since he held office under both Pepin III and then Charlemagne.〔Boussard 1968, pp.36.〕 He also had great significance in shaping Western European history.〔 For instance, he motivated the Franks in siding with the Papacy, rather than the Byzantines;〔 this was a strategic diplomatic initiative that would end with Charlemagne becoming the Emperor from 800-14; but Fulrad would not see the result of his actions, as it occurred eleven years after his death in 784.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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