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The ''funaná'' (:funɐˈna) is a music and dance genre from Cape Verde. ''Funaná'' is an accordion-based music. It is perhaps the most upbeat form of Cape Verdean music. The rhythm is usually provided by the ''ferrinho'' much like the use of washboards in zydeco, the saw in Caribbean ripsaw music, the scraper in Sub-Saharan African music and the güiro in Latin and Pre-Columbian music. == Characteristics == As a music genre, the ''funaná'' is characterized by having a variable tempo, from ''vivace'' to ''andante'', and a 2-beat rhythm. The ''funaná'' is intimately associated to the accordion, more precisely to the diatonic accordion, commonly known as ''gaita'' in Cape Verde. This influences a lot of musical aspects that characterize the ''funaná'', such as the fact that, in its most traditional form, the funaná uses only diatonic scales,〔Gonçalves, C. F., ''Kab Verd Band'' — 2006〕 and not chromatic ones. The structure of a ''funaná'' composition is not very different from the structure of other musical genres in Cape Verde, i.e., basically the music is structured through a set of main strophes that alternate with a refrain. The main difference is that between the different strophes and the refrain there is a solo played on the accordion.〔 The music is generally monotonic. The accompaniment is made with the left hand on the accordion, providing a bass and the chords. The rhythmic model is played on the ''ferrinho''.〔 The melodic line of the ''funaná'' varies a lot through the composition, with a lot of series of ascending and descending notes. The ''funaná'' singers occasionally use the ''sforzando'' technique in certain notes, specially if they are long (imitation of the accordion?). The lyrics of the ''funaná'' generally talk about everyday situations, mentioning the sorrows and the happiness of quotidian life, but they also talk about social criticism, reflections about life and idyllic situations. Recent composers however have expanded the themes. Another characteristic of ''funaná'' is that the lyrics are not made in a direct way, but frequently use figures of speech, proverbs and popular sayings. Example: That requires a good knowledge of popular culture and language, and that’s why recent compositions, compositions from younger authors or compositions from authors with little contact with popular culture do not always use this poetry technique. Concerning instrumentation, in its most traditional form, the ''funaná'' only uses the accordion and the ''ferrinho''. With the stylization and electrification other instruments are used: the rhythm provided by the ''ferrinho'' is made on a drum set together with other percussion instruments (a shaker or a cabasa); the bass/accompaniment played on the accordion is replaced by a bass guitar and an electric guitar; the melody played on the accordion is replaced by a synthesizer. By the end of the 90’s, there is a certain revival where the unplugged (acoustic) performances are sought after, in which electronic instruments are relegated in favor to authentic accordions and ''ferrinhos''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Funaná」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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