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Yekaterina Alexeyevna Furtseva ((ロシア語:Екатерина Алексеевна Фурцева); 7 December 1910 – 24 October 1974) was probably the most influential woman in Soviet politics and the second woman to be admitted into Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (the first being Yelena Stasova, member of the 7th Bureau). Furtseva was born in Vyshny Volochyok. Until the 1940s, she worked as an ordinary weaver at one of Moscow's textile factories. She had been a minor party worker in Kursk and the Crimea, and was called to Moscow and sent to the Institute of Chemical Technology from where she graduated in 1941 as a chemical engineer.〔(O, Ekaterina. ) Time, March 12, 1956. Accessed 4 January 2009.〕 Furtseva's party career started under Joseph Stalin. Gradually, she became active in Komsomol affairs and rose to the position of Secretary of the Moscow City Council in 1950. She gave a speech at the 19th Congress of the CPSU in 1952,〔 the last party congress of the Stalin era, where she was also elected a candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Under Nikita Khrushchev, who sympathized with her, Furtseva was the first secretary of Moscow Committee of the CPSU from 1954 to 1957. In 1952, Furtseva attacked the leading filmstar, Boris Babochkin, who was famous since starring as Vasily Chapayev.〔 This time Furtseva saw the actor starring in a stageplay, and was enraged by Babochkin's satirical portrayal of the Soviet communist leadership. Her angry article in the Soviet newspaper Pravda called for censorship of Babochkin, while Furtseva furthered her career in the Soviet elite.〔 Then Furtseva personally ordered that all film studios and drama companies of the USSR should refuse Babochkin any jobs, keeping him unemployed.〔(Совершенно СЕКРЕТНО – Чапаем заклейменный ). Sovsekretno.ru. Retrieved on 2012-08-05.〕 In 1956 she was appointed a Secretary of the Central Committee and was elected a candidate member of Politburo. She became the first woman to join the Politburo the next year. In this capacity, she sided with Khrushchev in de-Stalinization during the Khrushchev's Thaw, and secured the downfall of Vyacheslav Molotov, Georgy Malenkov, and Lazar Kaganovich when they conspired to depose her patron. During that time she fell in love with Nikolay Firyubin, the Soviet ambassador in Yugoslavia.〔(Любимые мужчины Екатерины Фурцевой, Аргументы и факты № 02 (104 ). Gazeta.aif.ru (30 January 2007). Retrieved on 2012-08-05.〕 Furtseva scandalized the Soviet elite by her weekend trips abroad in order to meet her lover.〔 As he married her and rose to become the Deputy Foreign Minister, they settled in Moscow, and their relations cooled down somewhat.〔 During the following 14 years, remembered as the Age of Furtseva, she exerted immense influence on Soviet culture, both repressive and beneficent.〔 As she became increasingly interested in manipulating theatre and cinema, many remarkable actors and directors tried to secure her friendship in order to further their own careers. According to the most intimate of her friends (such as the singer Lyudmila Zykina), she also became addicted to alcohol. On 19 June 1974, ''Pravda'' revealed that she had failed to be re-elected to the Supreme Soviet. Two months previous she had been disciplined by the Party for extravagance and fined 40,000 rubles.〔"Taste for luxury downs Soviet leader," ''Deseret News'', 19 June 1974, p. A1〕 She died in Moscow a few months later, officially of heart failure. Yet there were rumors that she was implicated in illegal commercial dealings and, wishing to preclude the impending scandal and disgrace, committed suicide.〔Vladimir Shlapentokh, and Joshau Woods. (''Contemporary Russia as a Feudal Society: A New Perspective on the Post-Soviet Era''. ) Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. ISBN 978-0-230-60096-6; p. 59〕 Furtseva is buried at the Novodevichye Cemetery.〔(Furtseva's grave ). novodevichye.com〕 == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yekaterina Furtseva」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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