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Fusobacteria are obligately anaerobic non-sporeforming Gram-negative bacilli. Since the first reports in the late nineteenth century, various names have been applied to these organisms, sometimes with the same name being applied to different species. More recently, not only have there been changes to the nomenclature, but also attempts to differentiate between species which are believed to be either pathogenic or commensal or both. Because of their asaccharolytic nature, and a general paucity of positive results in routine biochemical tests, laboratory identification of the fusobacteria has been difficult. However, the application of novel molecular biological techniques to taxonomy has established a number of new species, together with the subspeciation of ''Fusobacterium necrophorum'' and ''F. nucleatum'', and provided new methods for identification. The involvement of fusobacteria in a wide spectrum of human infections causing tissue necrosis and septicaemia has long been recognised, and, more recently, their importance in intra-amniotic infections, premature labour and tropical ulcers has been reported. Since the first reports of fusobacteria in the late nineteenth century, the variety of species names has led to some confusion within the genera ''Fusobacterium'' and ''Leptotrichia''. However, newer methods of investigation have led to a better understanding of the taxonomy, with the description of several new species of fusobacteria. Among the new species described are ''F. ulcerans'' from tropical ulcers, and several species from the oral cavity. Subspeciation of the important species ''F. necrophorum'' and ''F. nucleatum'' has also been possible. It is probable that the taxonomy of the fusobacteria may be further developed in the future. ==Phylogeny== The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LSPN) 〔See the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. Data extracted from (【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/classifphyla.html#Fusobacteria )〕 〔See the NCBI (webpage on Fusobacteria ) Data extracted from 〕 and the phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA-based LTP release 111 by The All-Species Living Tree Project 〔See the All-Species Living Tree Project (). Data extracted from the (【引用サイトリンク】 title=16S rRNA-based LTP release 111 (full tree) )〕 |2= }} }} }} }} }} }} |label2=Fusobacteriaceae |2= }} |2= |2= }} |2= |2= }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} Note: ♠ Strain found at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) but not listed in the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fusobacteria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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