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''Fáinne'' ((:ˈfaːnʲə), pl. ''Fáinní'' but often "Fáinnes" in English) is the name of a pin badge worn to show fluency in, or a willingness to speak, the Irish Language. The three modern versions of the pin as relaunched in 2014 by Conradh na Gaeilge are the Fáinne Óir (gold circle), Fáinne Mór Óir (large gold cirle - 9ct) and Fáinne Airgid (silver circle). In other contexts, ''fáinne'' simply means "ring" or "circle" and is also used to give terms such as: ''fáinne pósta'' (wedding ring), ''fáinne an lae'' (daybreak), ''An Tiarna na fáinní'' (The Lord of The Rings), and ''fáinne cluaise'' (earring). == An Fáinne Úr == An Fáinne Úr (‘úr’ meaning ‘new’) is the modernised rendition of the Fáinne, having been updated in 2014 by Conradh na Gaeilge. You simply buy what you want, with no test and no certification, and there are three versions presently available from <(www.cnag.ie/fainne )>: # Fáinne Óir (Gold Fáinne) – for fluent speakers; # Fáinne Mór Óir (literally, "Large Gold Fáinne") – traditional larger, old style solid 9ct Gold (Colour), the style worn by Liam Neeson in his film portrayal of Michael Collins; #Fáinne Airgid (Silver Fáinne) – for speakers with a basic working knowledge of the language. ''An Fáinne'' (The Original Organisation) Two Irish language organisations, ''An Fáinne'' ("The Ring" or "The Circle" in Irish) and The Society of Gaelic Writers, were both founded in 1911 by Piaras Béaslaí (1881–1965). They were intended to work together to a certain extent, the former promoting the language and awarding those fluent in its speaking with a ''Fáinne Óir'' (Gold Ring) lapel pin, whilst the latter would promote and create a pool of quality literary works in the language. All the personnel actively involved in promoting the concept of An Fáinne were associated with Conradh na Gaeilge, and from an early time An Fáinne used the Dublin postal address of 25 Cearnóg Pharnell / Parnell Square, the then HQ of Conradh na Gaeilge, though the organisations were officially separate, at least at first. The effectiveness of the organisation was acknowledged in the ''Dáil Éireann'' on 6 August 1920, when Richard Mulcahy, the ''Sinn Féin'' ''Teachta Dála'' for Clontarf suggested that a league on the model of the ''Fáinne'' for the support of Irish manufactures might be established.〔(Parliamentary Debates Dáil Éireann - Volume 1 - 6 August 1920 )〕 The ''Fáinne'' lapel pins were, at first, a limited success. They appealed mainly to Nationalists and Republicans, for whom the language was generally learnt as adults as a second language. The appeal to people for whom Irish was the native tongue was limited. They spoke Irish, as did everyone from their village, so there was no point whatsoever wearing a pin to prove it, even if they could have afforded one, or for that matter, even known they existed. In the early 1920s, many people who earned their ''Fáinne'' did so in prison, the majority of these being anti-treaty Irish Republican Army (IRA) Volunteers during the Irish Civil War. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fáinne」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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