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Führer Headquarters
The ''Führer'' Headquarters (''Führerhauptquartiere'' in German), abbreviated FHQ, is a common name for a number of official headquarters used by the Nazi leader Adolf Hitler and various German commanders and officials throughout Europe during the Second World War.〔Raiber, Richard, ''Guide to Hitler's Headquarters, After The Battle, No. 19'', Introduction and p. 1.〕 Perhaps the most widely known headquarters was the ''Führerbunker'' in Berlin, Germany, where Hitler committed suicide on 30 April 1945. Other notable headquarters are the ''Wolfsschanze'' (Wolf's Lair) in East Prussia, where Claus von Stauffenberg in league with other conspirators attempted to assassinate Hitler on 20 July 1944, and Hitler's private home, the ''Berghof'', at Obersalzberg near Berchtesgaden, where he frequently met with prominent foreign and domestic officials.
==Introduction==
At the beginning of World War II there were no permanent headquarters constructed for the German supreme leader, the ''Führer''. Hitler visited the frontlines by using either aeroplane or his special train, the ''Führersonderzug''; thus, the ''Führersonderzug'' can be considered as the first of his field headquarters. The first permanent installation which became a Führer Headquarters was the ''Felsennest'', which was used by Hitler during the Battle of France in May, 1940. Hitler actually spent very little time in Berlin during the war, and the most frequently used of his dwellings were without comparison the ''Berghof'' and the ''Wolfsschanze'', spending more than 800 days at the latter.
The ''Führer'' Headquarters were especially designed to work as command facilities for the ''Führer'', which meant all necessary demands were taken into consideration; communications, conference rooms, safety measures, bunkers, guard facilities etc. were prepared accordingly. Even ''Berghof'' and the Obersalzberg complex were modified and extended with considerable defense facilities (bunkers, guard posts etc.). The ''Wehrmachtbericht'', a daily report on the situation at the front, was also broadcast from the ''Führer'' Headquarters.
The ''Führer'' Headquarters cannot be considered as strict military headquarters; the ''Wehrmacht'' had their own, distinctly located in other places, yet often in the vicinity of the FHQs. Nevertheless, since Hitler very frequently intervened in the military command structure, the FHQs more than often became de facto military headquarters. In reality, the ''Führer Headquarters'' consisted of Adolf Hitler and his entourage, including the ''Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW)'' (directly controlled by Hitler), liaison officers and adjutants.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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