|
Government Aid and Relief in Occupied Areas (GARIOA) was a program under which the US after the 1945 end of World War II from 1946 onwards provided emergency aid to the occupied nations, Japan, Germany, Austria. The aid was predominantly in the form of food to alleviate starvation in the occupied areas. ==Germany== Germany received GARIOA help between July 1946 and March 1950. In 1946 the US Congress had voted GARIOA funds to prevent "such disease and unrest as would endanger the forces of occupation" in occupied Germany. Congress stipulated that the funds were only to be used to import food, petroleum and fertilizers. Use of GARIOA funds to import raw materials of vital importance to the German industry was explicitly forbidden.〔Nicholas Balabkins, ''"Germany Under Direct Controls: Economic Aspects of Industrial Disarmament 1945–1948"'', Rutgers University Press, 1964 p. 101〕 At the time the US still operated under the occupation directive JCS 1067 which directed US forces to "take no steps looking toward the economic rehabilitation of Germany () designed to maintain or strengthen the German economy". (see Industrial plans for Germany) In 1948 the combined US and UK expenditure on relief food in Germany stood at a total of close to $1.5 billion. Still, German food rations were deficient in composition and remained far below recommended minimum nutrition levels.〔Nicholas Balabkins, ''"Germany Under Direct Controls: Economic Aspects of Industrial Disarmament 1945–1948"'', Rutgers University Press, 1964 p. 107〕 Officials in authority admitted that the distributed rations "represented a fairly rapid starvation level".〔Nicholas Balabkins, ''"Germany Under Direct Controls: Economic Aspects of Industrial Disarmament 1945–1948"'', Rutgers University Press, 1964 p. 107〕 The aid received by Germany through GARIOA was, just as the later Marshall plan aid (starting 1948), charged to the Germans. By 1953 West Germany's combined GARIOA and Marshall plan debt was over $3.3 billion. It was however decided in 1953 that West Germany only had to repay $1.1 billion. The amount was repaid by 1971. During 1945 private organizations such as the International Red Cross had been prohibited by the Allies from assisting ethnic Germans with food supplies, but in early 1946 this prohibition was rescinded (see CRALOG). In the spring of 1946 the International Red Cross was also finally allowed to visit and provide limited amounts of food aid to prisoners of war in the US occupation zone.〔Staff. (ICRC in WW II: German prisoners of war in Allied hands ), 2 February 2005 〕 (see Disarmed Enemy Forces). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「GARIOA」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|