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GATA1
Erythroid transcription factor also known as GATA-binding factor 1 or GATA-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GATA1'' gene.
GATA-1 is a member of the GATA transcription factor family and is a key mediator of the development of specific types of blood cells from their precursor cells, termed hematopoietic progenitors or precursors. This protein plays a role in erythroid development by regulating a large ensemble of genes that mediate both the development and function of red blood cells. Critical functions in the developing red blood cell (erythroblast) include the establishment of the erythroid cytoskeleton, enzymes that mediate heme biosynthesis, and polypeptide chains that constitute the hemoglobin tetramer. Mutations in the gene encoding GATA-1 have been associated with X-linked dyserythropoietic anemia and thrombocytopenia.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2623 )〕
== Function ==
GATA1 is required for the maturation of red blood cells, megakaryocytes, mast cells and eosinophils. GATA1 mutant mice die in early embryonic development due to inability to form mature erythroid cells. GATA1 mutation in humans causes congenital anemias and thrombocytopenias.
GATA1 was first described as a red blood cell lineage transcription factor that activates the beta-globin gene. During red blood cell maturation, GATA1 activates nearly all erythroid-specific genes while silencing genes associated with the immature proliferative red blood cell precursor cells (erythroblasts). Genome-wide studies have provided evidence that GATA1 activates and represses a large number of genes.〔〔 Many questions remain unanswered regarding the function of a large number of genes. By contrast, other GATA-1 target genes have established activities to control fundamental cell biological functions, including machinery that controls the ability of erythroid precursor cells to proliferate and proteins that control the capacity of the erythroid precursor cell to remodel its organelles such as mitochondria, proteins that control the RNA content of the erythroid precursor cell, and proteins that control signal transduction networks that orchestrate the many dynamic transitions of the developing erythroid precursor.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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