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A ground proximity warning system (GPWS) is a system designed to alert pilots if their aircraft is in immediate danger of flying into the ground or an obstacle. The United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) defines GPWS as a type of terrain awareness warning system (TAWS).〔http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgAdvisoryCircular.nsf/0/7ca84861d31651a5862569b2006dbcfe/$FILE/ATTOVW46/AC23-18.pdf〕 More advanced systems, introduced in 1996,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS) – Honeywell Aerospace Engineering )〕 are known as enhanced ground proximity warning systems (EGPWS), although sometimes called ''terrain awareness warning systems''. ==History== (詳細はcontrolled flight into terrain (CFIT) accidents took the lives of hundreds of people. A CFIT accident is one where a properly functioning airplane under the control of a fully qualified and certified crew is flown into terrain, water or obstacles with no apparent awareness on the part of the crew.〔Note: Original text copied from U.S. FAA Circular AC23-18 (). As a work of the U.S. Government, there is no copyright on the work, and it may be freely copied, and is thus included here. Additional or reduced text and formatting, not included in the original, have been added here for clarity and emphasis.〕 Beginning in the early 1970s, a number of studies examined the occurrence of CFIT accidents.〔 Findings from these studies indicated that many such accidents could have been avoided if a warning device called a ground proximity warning system (GPWS) had been used. As a result of these studies and recommendations from the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), in 1974 the FAA required all large turbine and turbojet airplanes to install TSO-approved GPWS equipment.〔〔(§§ 121.360 and 135.153) (39 FR 44439, December 18, 1974)〕 The ICAO recommended the installation of GPWS in 1979.〔(Personality ''Flight'' Aerospace Industry Awards 1999 )〕 C. Donald Bateman, a Canadian-born engineer, developed and is credited with the invention of GPWS. In March 2000, the U.S. FAA amended operating rules to require that all U.S. registered turbine-powered airplanes with six or more passenger seats (exclusive of pilot and copilot seating) be equipped with an FAA-approved TAWS.〔 The mandate affects aircraft manufactured after March 29, 2002.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sec. 121.354 – Terrain awareness and warning system )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ground proximity warning system」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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