|
|status = Active |sites = Satish Dhawan |launches = 9 (6 Mk.I, 3 Mk.II) |success = 4 (2 Mk.I, 2 Mk.II) |fail = 4 (3 Mk.I, 1 Mk.II) |partial = 1 (Mk.I) |first=Mk.I: 18 April 2001 Mk.II: 15 April 2010 |stagedata = }} GeoSynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (abbreviated as GSLV) is an expendable launch system operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was developed to enable India to launch its satellites without dependence on foreign rockets and providers. GSLV has been used in nine launches till date, since its first launch in 2001 through to its most recent launch on August 27, 2015 of the GSAT-6. ==History== The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) project was initiated in 1990 with the objective of acquiring an Indian government launch capability for geosynchronous satellites. India has depended on the United States and Europe for the launch of INSAT class of satellites. GSLV uses major components that are already proven in the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) launchers in the form of the S125/S139 solid rocket booster and the liquid-fueled Vikas engine. The third stage was procured from Russian company Glavcosmos based on an agreement signed in 1991.〔 Russia backed out of the deal after US sanctions were imposed in May 1992. ISRO started the Cryogenic Upper Stage Project in April 1994 and began developing its own cryogenic stage. Russia agreed to sell 7 cryogenic stages and 1 ground mock-up stage instead of 5 cryogenic stages and the technology to build the stages. The first development flight of GSLV Mk.I (GSLV-D1) was launched on 18 April 2001.〔(【引用サイトリンク】archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20081218080432/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/SPACE/space-launchers-gslv.html )〕 The flight carrying GSAT-1 failed to reach the correct orbit. Attempts to save GSAT-1 by using its own propulsion system to manoeuvre it into the correct orbit were unsuccessful as it ran out of fuel several thousand kilometres below geosynchronous orbit.〔 The GSLV became operational after a second development flight, which successfully placed GSAT-2 in 2003. In its first operational flight in September 2004, GSLV launched EDUSAT - India's first dedicated satellite for educational services. However, the second operational flight, GSlV-F02, conducted on July 10, 2006 did not succeed in placing the satellite IN×–T-4C into orbit. GSLV-F04 is the fifth flight of India's Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV), launched INSAT-4CR satellite, into a geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO) of 170 km perigee and 35,975 km apogee with an orbital inclination of 21.7° with respect to the equator on September 2, 2007. Subsequently, the satellite was manoeuvred into geostationary orbit using its own propulsion system. Two launches in 2010 failed; the first, in April 2010, was the first flight of the GSLV Mk.II, with an Indian-developed third stage engine replacing the Russian engine used on earlier flights. The third stage failed to ignite. The next launch, in December 2010, used the Russian engine, however the vehicle went out of control during first stage flight and was destroyed by range safety.〔 GSLV-D5, launched on January 5, 2014, was the first successful flight of the GSLV Mark.II using the indigenously developed cryogenic engine, the CE-7.5.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www.isro.gov.in/gslv-d5/d5-updates.aspx )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|