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Ghadar Party
The Ghadar Party ((パンジャーブ語:ਗ਼ਦਰ ਪਾਰਟੀ)) was an organization founded by Punjabi Indians〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ghadr (Sikh political organization) )〕 in the United States and Canada with the aim of securing India's independence from British rule. Key members included Lala Har Dayal, Sohan Singh Bhakna, Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah, Kartar Singh Sarabha, and Rashbehari Bose.
After the outbreak of World War I, Ghadar party members returned to Punjab to agitate for rebellion alongside the Babbar Akali Movement. In 1915 they conducted revolutionary activities in central Punjab and organised uprisings. Their presence shook the hold of the British empire and police surveillance in Punjabi villages increased in an attempt to crush the rebellion. The party is known for setting the foundation for future Indian revolutionary movements and served as a stepping stone for independence. Though predominantly Sikh, the party included members and leaders of many religions, demonstrating an accepting and
democratic attitude towards all people as they united in their patriotism.〔 After the conclusion of the war, the party in America split into Communist and Anti-Communist factions. The party was formally dissolved in 1948.〔
== Etymology ==
''Ghadar'' is an Urdu word derived from Arabic which means "revolt" or "rebellion." As Kartar Singh Sarabha, one of the founders of the party, wrote in the first issue: "Today there begins 'Ghadar' in foreign lands, but in our country's tongue, a war against the British Raj. What is our name? Ghadar. What is our work? Ghadar. Where will be the Revolution? In India. The time will soon come when rifles and blood will take the place of pens and ink." The name of the organization was primarily spelled "Gadar Party" or "Ghadr Party" by its members.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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