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|subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_name2 = Montgomery |government_type = |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Jud Ashman |established_title = Settled (as Log Town) |established_title2 = Founded |established_title3 = Incorporated |established_date = 1765 |established_date2 = 1802 |established_date3 = April 5, 1878 |area_magnitude = 1 E7 |area_total_sq_mi = 10.34 |area_footnotes = 〔 |area_total_km2 = 26.78 |area_land_sq_mi = 10.20 |area_land_km2 = 26.42 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.14 |area_water_km2 = 0.36 |population_as_of = 2010 |population_est = 66816 |pop_est_as_of = 2014 |pop_est_footnotes = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2014/SUB-EST2014-3.html )〕 |population_footnotes = 〔 |population_total = 59933 |population_rank = US: 521th |population_density_km2 = 2268.7 |population_density_sq_mi = 5875.8 |population_urban = |population_metro = |timezone = EST |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = EDT |utc_offset_DST = -4 |latd= 39 |latm= 7 |lats= 55 |latNS=N |longd= 77 |longm= 13 |longs= 35 |longEW=W |elevation_m = 106 |elevation_ft = 350 |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = 301 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 24-31175 |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 0593389 |website = |footnotes = }} Gaithersburg (), officially the City of Gaithersburg, is a city located in Montgomery County, Maryland. At the time of the 2010 census, Gaithersburg had a population of 59,933, making it the fourth largest incorporated city in the state, behind Baltimore, Frederick, and Rockville.〔(American Factfinder ), U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 17, 2011.〕 Gaithersburg is located to the northwest of Washington, D.C., and is considered a suburb and a primary city within the Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC–VA–MD–WV Metropolitan Statistical Area. Gaithersburg was incorporated as a city in 1878. Gaithersburg is divided into east and west sections, separated by Interstate 270. The eastern section of the city is older and is the original portion of the town before more recent growth. Landmarks and buildings from that time can still be seen in many places but especially in the historic central business district of Gaithersburg called "Olde Town". The east side also includes Lakeforest Mall, City Hall, and the Montgomery County Fair grounds. The west side of the city has many wealthier neighborhoods that were designed with smart growth techniques and embrace New Urbanism. These include the award-winning Kentlands community, the Lakelands community, and the Washingtonian Center (better known as The Rio), a popular shopping/business district. Three New Urbanism communities are under construction, including Crown Farm, Watkins Mill Town Center (Casey East and West), and the massive "Science City". The state has a bus rapid transit line, Corridor Cities Transitway or "CCT", planned for the western portion of the city starting at Shady Grove Metro Station and connecting all the high density western Gaithersburg neighborhoods with a total of eight stops planned in the city. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is headquartered in Gaithersburg directly west of I-270. Other major employers in the city include IBM, Lockheed Martin Information Systems and Global Services business area headquarters, MedImmune (a wholly owned subsidiary of AstraZeneca), and the French multinational corporation, Sodexo. Gaithersburg is also the location of the garrison of the United States Army Reserve's 220th Military Police Brigade. ==History== Gaithersburg was settled in 1765 as a small agricultural settlement known as Log Town near the present day Summitee Hall on Ralph Crabb's 1725 land grant "Deer Park". The northern portion of the land grant was purchased by Henry Brookes, and he built his brick home "Montpelier" there, starting first with a log cabin in 1780/3. This 1,000 acre tract became part of the landmark "IBM Headquarters" complex built on the then new I-270 Interstate 'Industrial' now 'Technology' Corridor in the late 1960s-1970s. Benjamin Gaither married Henry's daughter Margaret, and Benjamin and Margaret inherited a portion of Henry's land prior to Henry's death in 1807. Gaither built his home on the land in 1802. By the 1850s the area had ceased to be called log town and was known to inhabitants as Gaithersburg. The Forest Oak Post Office, named for a large tree in the town, was located in Gaither's store in 1851. However, when the railroad was built through town the new station was called Gaithersburg, an officially recognized name for the community for the first time. The town incorporated under its current name in 1878. Gaithersburg boomed during the late 19th century and churches, schools, a mill, grain elevators, stores, and hotels were built. Much of this development focused around the railroad station.〔 In 1873 the B&O Railroad constructed a station at Gaithersburg,〔 designed by Ephraim Francis Baldwin as part of his well-known series of Victorian stations in Maryland. Rapid growth occurred shortly thereafter, and on April 5, 1878 the town was officially incorporated as the City of Gaithersburg. In 1899, Gaithersburg was selected as one of six global locations for the construction of an International Latitude Observatory as part of a project to measure the Earth's wobble on its polar axis. The Gaithersburg Latitude Observatory is (as of 2007) the only National Historic Landmark in the City of Gaithersburg. The observatory and five others in Japan, Italy, Russia, and the United States gathered information that is still used by scientists today, along with information from satellites, to determine polar motion; the size, shape, and physical properties of the earth; and to aid the space program through the precise navigational patterns of orbiting satellites. The Gaithersburg station operated until 1982 when computerization rendered the manual observation obsolete. Gaithersburg remained a predominantly rural farm town until the 1970s when more construction began. As the population grew, with homes spreading throughout the area, Gaithersburg began taking on a suburban and semi-urban feel, leaving its farming roots behind. During the late 1990s and 2000s, it had become one of the most economically and ethnically diverse areas in the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Area as well as the State of Maryland, with people from all walks of life calling Gaithersburg home. This can be seen in the local schools, with Gaithersburg High School and Watkins Mill High School having two of the most diverse student bodies in the region. During a 1997 rainstorm, the 295-year-old forest oak tree that gave its name to the Forest Oak Post Office crashed down. The tree served as the inspiration for the city's logo, which is also featured prominently on the city's flag.〔 In 2007, parts of the film ''Body of Lies'' were filmed in the city, at a building on 100 Edison Park Drive. The film was released in 2008.〔https://web.archive.org/web/20150317165446/http://ww2.gazette.net/stories/091207/potonew200048_32356.shtml〕 On July 16, 2010, Gaithersburg was hit by a 3.6 magnitude earthquake, one of the strongest to occur in Maryland. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gaithersburg, Maryland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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