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| notable_works = | movement = | spouse = Maria Galleani | children = 4 | website = }} Luigi Galleani (; August 12, 1861 – November 4, 1931) was an Italian anarchist active in the United States from 1901 to 1919, viewed by historians as an anarchist and insurrectionary anarchist. He is best known for his enthusiastic advocacy of "propaganda of the deed", i.e. the use of violence to eliminate "tyrants" and "oppressors" and to act as a catalyst to the overthrow of existing government institutions.〔Avrich, P., ''Sacco and Vanzetti: The Anarchist Background'', Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-02604-1 (1991), pp. 81, 97-99, 135-141, 147, 149-156, 158, 172, 195, 214〕〔Galleani, Luigi, ''Faccia a Faccia col Nemico'', Boston, MA: Gruppo Autonomo, (1914)〕〔Wilkinson, Paul, ''Conflict Studies: Terrorism versus Liberal Democracy, the Problems of Response'', London: Institute for the Study of Conflict, Current Affairs Research Services Centre, Issues 67-68 (1976), p. 3〕 From 1914 to 1932, Galleani's followers in the United States (known as ''i Galleanisti''), carried out a series of bombings and assassination attempts against institutions and persons they viewed as class enemies.〔 After Galleani was deported from the United States to Italy in June 1919, his colleagues are alleged to have carried out the Wall Street bombing of 1920, which resulted in the deaths of 38 people. ==Early life and career== Luigi Galleani was born in the city of Vercelli, Italy, to a family of modest means. Galleani became an anarchist as an adolescent, while studying law at the University of Turin in northern Italy. Leaving the university before completing his degree, he had already begun a strong advocacy of anarchism and anarchist ideals. Wanted by police in Turin, he fled to France in 1880. Galleani remained in France for nearly 20 years. He spent some time in Switzerland, where he was allied with the noted geographer and fellow anarchist Élisée Reclus. In addition to assisting him with his masterwork, ''La Nouvelle Géographie universelle'', Galleani worked with Reclus to organize a demonstration of students at the University of Geneva in 1887. The event was held in honor of the Haymarket martyrs of Chicago, who were killed in labor unrest. For this, he was arrested and later deported from Switzerland. Moving to France, Galleani was deported from that country a few years later. He returned to Italy, where within a few years he was arrested, convicted of conspiracy, and sentenced to five years in prison. Beginning in 1894, when he was 33 years old, he spent more than five years in prison and internal exile (''domicilio coatto''), mostly on the island of Pantelleria off the coast of Sicily.〔Ugo Fedeli, ''Luigi Galleani: Quarant'anni di lotte rivoluzionarie, 1891-1931'' (Cesena: Antistato, 1956), pp. 68-69.〕 On Pantelleria, he met and married Maria, who already had a young son, Salvatore.〔Avrich, Paul, ''Anarchist Voices: An Oral History of Anarchism in America'', Princeton: Princeton University Press (1996), p. 136〕 Luigi and Maria Galleani eventually had four children of their own.〔Avrich, Paul, ''Anarchist Voices'', p. 136. Emma Goldman's later recollection that she met Galleani in Barre, Vermont in 1899 is incorrect, as Galleani did not move to the United States until 1901. Goldman, Emma, ''Living My Life'', vol. 1 (1931; New York: Dover, 1970), p. 238〕 Escaping from Pantelleria in 1900, Galleani fled to Egypt. It had a large Italian expatriate community, and he stayed with fellow anarchists for several months. Notified by the Egyptian authorities that they would soon begin proceedings to extradite him to Italy, Galleani abruptly left Egypt and went to London via ship. He then immigrated to the United States, arriving in 1901. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Luigi Galleani」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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