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''Gambusia'' is a large genus of fish in family Poeciliidae (order Cyprinodontiformes). ''Gambusia'' contains over 40 species, most of which are principally found in freshwater habitats, though some species may also be found in brackish or saltwater habitats. The type species is the Cuban gambusia, ''G. punctata''. The greatest species richness is in Mexico, Texas, and the Greater Antilles, but species are also found elsewhere in eastern and southern United States, The Bahamas, Central America, and Colombia. ''Gambusia'' species are often called topminnows or simply gambusias; they are also known as mosquitofish, which, however, refers more specifically to two species, ''G. affinis'' and ''G. holbrooki''. These can be introduced into ponds to eat mosquito larvae. As a consequence, they have been introduced widely outside their native range, and sometimes become invasive, threatening the local species.〔Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (2013). ''(Gambusia affinis (Mosquito fish) ).'' Retrieved 27 February 2013〕 They are very important in aquarium trade, desired for small size, ease of breeding, and charming gracefulness. They are viviparous—they have live young. Nine species are listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List; one, the widemouth gambusia, ''G. eurystoma'', is Critically Endangered; and two, the Amistad gambusia, ''G. amistadensis'', and the San Marcos gambusia, ''G. georgei'', are already extinct. ==Species== The 45 currently recognized species in this genus are:〔 * ''Gambusia affinis'' (S. F. Baird & Girard, 1853) (mosquitofish, western mosquitofish) * ''Gambusia alvarezi'' C. Hubbs & V. G. Springer, 1957 (yellowfin gambusia) * †''Gambusia amistadensis'' Peden, 1973 (Amistad gambusia) * ''Gambusia atrora'' D. E. Rosen & R. M. Bailey, 1963 (blackfin gambusia) * ''Gambusia aurata'' R. R. Miller & W. L. Minckley, 1970 (golden gambusia) * ''Gambusia baracoana'' Rivas, 1944 * ''Gambusia beebei'' G. S. Myers, 1935 (Miragoane gambusia) * ''Gambusia bucheri'' Rivas, 1944 * ''Gambusia clarkhubbsi'' G. P. Garrett & R. J. Edwards, 2003 (San Felipe gambusia) * ''Gambusia dominicensis'' Regan, 1913 (Dominican gambusia) * ''Gambusia echeagarayi'' (Álvarez, 1952) (Maya gambusia) * ''Gambusia eurystoma'' R. R. Miller, 1975 (widemouth gambusia) * ''Gambusia gaigei'' C. L. Hubbs, 1929 (Big Bend gambusia) * ''Gambusia geiseri'' C. Hubbs & C. L. Hubbs, 1957 (largespring gambusia) * †''Gambusia georgei'' C. Hubbs & Peden, 1969 (San Marcos gambusia) * ''Gambusia heterochir'' C. Hubbs, 1957 (Clear Creek gambusia) * ''Gambusia hispaniolae'' W. L. Fink, 1971 (Hispaniolan gambusia) * ''Gambusia holbrooki'' Girard, 1859 (eastern mosquitofish) * ''Gambusia hurtadoi'' C. Hubbs & V. G. Springer, 1957 (crescent gambusia) * ''Gambusia krumholzi'' W. L. Minckley, 1963 (spotfin gambusia) * ''Gambusia lemaitrei'' Fowler, 1950 * ''Gambusia longispinis'' W. L. Minckley, 1962 (Cuatrocienegas gambusia) * ''Gambusia luma'' D. E. Rosen & R. M. Bailey, 1963 (sleek mosquitofish) * ''Gambusia manni'' C. L. Hubbs, 1927 * ''Gambusia marshi'' W. L. Minckley & Craddock, 1962 (robust gambusia) * ''Gambusia melapleura'' (P. H. Gosse, 1851) (striped gambusia) * ''Gambusia monticola'' Rivas, 1971 * ''Gambusia myersi'' C. G. E. Ah, 1925 * ''Gambusia nicaraguensis'' Günther, 1866 (Nicaraguan mosquitofish) * ''Gambusia nobilis'' (S. F. Baird & Girard, 1853) (Pecos gambusia) * ''Gambusia panuco'' C. L. Hubbs, 1926 (Panuco gambusia) * ''Gambusia pseudopunctata'' Rivas, 1969 (Tiburon Peninsula gambusia) * ''Gambusia punctata'' Poey, 1854 (Cuban gambusia) * ''Gambusia puncticulata'' Poey, 1854 (Caribbean gambusia) * ''Gambusia quadruncus'' Langerhans, Gifford, Domínguez-Domínguez, García-Bedoya & T. J. DeWitt, 2012〔Langerhans, R. B., Gifford, M. E., Domínguez-Domínguez, O., García-Bedoya, D. & DeWitt, T.J. (2012): ''Gambusia quadruncus'' (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae): a new species of mosquitofish from east-central México. ''Journal of Fish Biology, DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03397.x''〕 * ''Gambusia regani'' C. L. Hubbs, 1926 (Forlon gambusia) * ''Gambusia rhizophorae'' Rivas, 1969 (mangrove gambusia) * ''Gambusia senilis'' Girard, 1859 (blotched gambusia) * ''Gambusia sexradiata'' C. L. Hubbs, 1936 (teardrop mosquitofish) * ''Gambusia speciosa'' Girard, 1859 (Tex-Mex gambusia) * ''Gambusia vittata'' C. L. Hubbs, 1926 (Gulf gambusia) * ''Gambusia wrayi'' Regan, 1913 (Wray's gambusia) * ''Gambusia xanthosoma'' D. W. Greenfield, 1983 (Cayman gambusia) * ''Gambusia yucatana'' Regan, 1914 (Yucatán gambusia) * ''Gambusia zarskei'' M. K. Meyer, Schories & Schartl, 2010 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gambusia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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