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Gargara () was an ancient Greek city on the southern coast of the Troad region of Anatolia. It was initially located beneath Mount Gargaron, one of the three peaks of Mount Ida, today known as Koca Kaya ().〔Cook (1973) 256-7.〕 At some point in the 4th century BCE the settlement moved approximately 5.8 km south of Koca Kaya to a site on the small coastal plain near the modern villages of Arıklı and Nusratlı (), at which point the previous site came to be known as Old Gargara ().〔Cook (1973) 256-7.〕 Both sites are located in the Ayvacık district of Çanakkale Province in Turkey. ==Mount Gargaron== Mount Gargaron has been identified with the mountain today called Koca Kaya (Turkish ''Great Rock''), a western spur of Mount Ida with a maximum elevation of 780 m.〔Cook (1973) 257.〕 The poet Epicharmus (''fl.'' 540 - 450 BCE) refers to the mountain as "snowcapped" (ἀγάννιφα), and the ''Etymologicum Magnum'' (ca. 1150 CE) knew a tradition according to which the inhabitants of Old Gargara moved to their new site to escape the cold of their old home.〔Epicharmus, ''PCG'' fr. 128 K-A = Macrobius, ''Saturnalia'' 5.20.3-6: Ζεὺς ἄναξ † ΑΝΑΑΔΑΝ † ναίων Γάργαρα ἀγάννιφα, which Schneidewin emends to ἀν’ Ἴδαν ("Lord Zeus who dwells † on Ida † at snow-capped Gargara"). Etymologicum Magnum s.v. Γάργαρος· διὰ τὸ κρυῶδες ὑποκατέβησαν οἱ Γαργαρεῖς, καὶ ᾤκισαν αὐτὴν ὑπὸ πεδίον Γάργαρον ("On account of the cold the Gargarians descended from the mountain and settled this city of Gargara on the plain").〕 In Homer's ''Iliad'' it is said to have had an altar to Zeus at its summit, and hence is a place the god frequently visits.〔Homer, ''Iliad'' 8.47-52 (watching the battle on the plain of Troy), 14.292-3, 352-3, 15.151-3 (found here by his wife Hera), cf. Epicharmus, ''PCG'' fr. 128 K-A.〕 In one passage Zeus is said to have come to Mount Gargaron from Mount Olympos to view the battle between the Trojans and the Acahaeans, about 50 km NE of here.〔Homer, ''Iliad'' 8.47-52.〕 In writers of the 1st and 2nd century AD such as Statius and Lucian Zeus is said to have abducted the Trojan prince Ganymede from Mount Gargaron while he was hunting in the nearby forests.〔Statius, ''Thebaid'' 1.548-9, Lucian, ''Dialogues of the Gods'' 10, Pseudo-Lucian, ''Charidemus or On Beauty'' 7.〕 Lucian also represents the Judgement of Paris as taking place on Mount Gargaron rather than in its more traditional location further to the east above Antandrus.〔Lucian, ''Judgement of the Goddesses'' 1, 5.〕 The anonymous author of ''On Rivers'' thought that Gargara was Mount Ida's previous name, while the Latin poet Valerius Flaccus used it as a learned way of referring to Ida.〔Pseudo-Plutarch, ''De fluviis'' 8.3, Valerius Flaccus, ''Argonautica'' 2.360, 582-3.〕 The ''Etymologicum Magnum'' explains the name of Gargaron either as deriving from the verb γαργαρίζειν ('to gargle') on account of the springs thought to bubble up on the summit (an inference taken from Homer's reference to 'many-fountained Ida' in conjunction with Gargaron), or as deriving from γαργαρέων ('uvula') on account of the mountain's shape.〔''Etymologicum Magnum'' s.v. Γάργαρος· ... ἄλλοι δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ γαργαρίζειν καὶ ἀναδιδόναι τὰ ὕδατα, <ἣ> ἀπὸ μεταφορᾶς τοῦ ἐν τοῖς στόμασιν ἡμῶν γαργαρεῶνος• καὶ γὰρ τὸ σῶμα τοῦτο ἀπὸ παχέος εἰς λεπτὸν καὶ ὀξὺ λήγει. Compare ''Etymologicum Genuinum'' s.v. Γαργαρεών• Γάργαρον λέγεταί τι ἄκρον, ὅθεν καὶ γαργαρεὼν τὸ ὑψηλότατον τοῦ ἀνθρώπου <ἐν> τῷ πρὸ τοῦ στόματος οὐρανῷ καλουμένῳ ὑπερῴᾳ.〕 The poet Aratus of Soli wrote an epigram about his friend Diotimos, who used to teach the children of Gargara their letters up on Mount Gargaron: :::αἰάζω Διότιμον, ὃς ἐν πέτρῃσι κάθηται :::παισὶν Γαργαρέων βῆτα καὶ ἄλφα λέγων. :::I bewail Diotimos, who would sit among the rocks :::Teaching the children of the Gargarians their alpha and beta.〔''Palatine Anthology'' 11.437 = Stephanus of Byzantium s.v. Γάργαρα.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gargara」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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