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The gavotte (also gavot or gavote) is a French dance, taking its name from a folk dance of the Gavot, the people of the Pays de Gap region of Dauphiné in the southeast of France, where the dance originated according to one source.〔Percy Scholes, "Gavotte", ''The Oxford Companion to Music'' (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1970).〕 According to another reference, however, the word "gavotte" is a generic term for a variety of French folk dances, and most likely originated in Lower Brittany in the west, or possibly Provence in the southeast or the French Basque Country in the southwest of France. It is notated in 4/4 or 2/2 time and is usually of moderate tempo, though the folk dances also use meters such as 9/8 and 5/8.〔Meredith Ellis Little and Matthew Werley, "Gavotte", Grove Music Online, edited by Deane Root (updated and revised 3 September 2014).〕 In late 16th-century renaissance dance the gavotte is first mentioned as the last of a suite of branles. Popular at the court of Louis XIV, it became one of many optional dances in the classical suite of dances. Many were composed by Lully, Rameau and Gluck, and the 17th-century cibell is a variety. The dance was popular in France throughout the 18th century and spread widely. In early courtly use the gavotte involved kissing, but this was replaced by the presentation of flowers.〔Percy Scholes, "Gavotte", ''The Oxford Companion to Music'' (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1970).〕 The gavotte of the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries has nothing in common with the 19th-century column-dance called the "gavotte"〔Curt Sachs, ''World History of the Dance'', translated by Bessie Schönberg (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1963): 389.〕 but may be compared with the rigaudon〔Johann Joachim Quantz, ''On Playing the Flute'', a complete translation with an introduction and notes by Edward R. Reilly (London: Faber & Faber, Ltd., 1966; paperback reprint, New York: Schirmer Books. 1975): 291.〕 and the bourrée. ==Characteristics== The phrases of the 18th-century French court gavotte begin in the middle of the bar, creating a half-measure (half-bar) upbeat. However the music for the earlier court gavotte, first described by Thoinot Arbeau in 1589, invariably began on the downbeat of a duple measure. Later composers also wrote gavottes that began on the downbeat rather than on the half-measure: an example is Jean-Philippe Rameau's ''Gavotte Variée'' in A minor for keyboard.〔Rameau / Ingrid Heiler, 1960: Gavotte Variée (Gavotte and Variations) ()〕 Various folk gavottes found in mid-20th-century Brittany are danced to music in 4/4, 2/4, 9/8, and 5/8 time.〔Meredith Ellis Little, "Gavotte", ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell (London: Macmillan Publishers).〕 In the ball-room the gavotte was often paired with a preceding triple-time minuet: both dances are stately, and the gavotte's lifted step contrasted with the shuffling minuet step. It had a steady rhythm, not broken up into faster notes.〔Percy Scholes, "Gavotte", ''The Oxford Companion to Music'' (Oxford and New York: University Press, 1970).〕 In the Baroque suite the gavotte is played after (or sometimes before) the sarabande. Like most dance movements of the Baroque period it is typically in binary form but this may be extended by a second melody in the same metre, often one called the ''musette'', having a pedal drone to imitate the French bagpipes, played after the first to create a grand ternary form; A-(A)-B-A.〔Percy Scholes, "Gavotte", ''The Oxford Companion to Music'' (Oxford and New York: University Press, 1970).〕 There is a ''Gavotte en Rondeau'' ("Gavotte in rondo form") in J.S. Bach's Partita No. 3 in E Major for solo violin, BWV 1006. The gavotte could be played at a variety of ''tempi'': Johann Gottfried Walther wrote that the gavotte is "often quick but occasionally slow".〔In his ''Musicalisches Lexicon'' (Leipzig, 1732), quoted in the preface to Johann Sebastian Bach ''The French Suites: Embellished Version'' Bärenreiter Urtext Edition. (Kassel: Bärenreiter, ).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gavotte」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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