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A ''gawęda'' ((:ɡaˈvɛnda)) is a story; especially, one that belongs to a kind of Polish epic literary genre. ==History== ''Gawęda'' is a genre of Polish folk literature.〔"Gawęda," ''Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN'' (PWN Universal Encyclopedia), vol. 2, 1974, p. 26.〕 The term also describes a literary work, stylized as an oral tale, characterized by freedom of composition, rich in digressions, and written in language close to colloquial language, that presented a picture of Sarmatian ''szlachta'' (nobility, or gentry) manners and morals.〔"Gawęda," ''Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN'' (PWN Universal Encyclopedia), vol. 2, 1974, p. 26.〕 During the Romantic period, in the first half of the 19th century, the genre developed as the "''szlachta'' ''gawęda''" (''gawęda szlachecka''). It told of the lives and manners of the nobility, affirming the Sarmatian world of values. The leading author in this genre was Henryk Rzewuski (''Pamiątki Soplicy''—Memoirs of Soplica, 1839–41). Other authors in this line included K. Gaszyński (''Kontuszowe pogadanki''—''Kontusz'' Chats), Władysław Syrokomla (''Urodzony Jan Dęboróg''—Jan Dęboróg), Wincenty Pol (''Wieczór przy kominku''—An Evening by the Fire), A. Gorczyński, K.W. Wójcicki, and Ignacy Chodźko (''Pamiętniki kwestarza''—Memoirs of a Collector for Charity).〔"Gawęda," ''Encyklopedia Polski'' (Encyclopedia of Poland), p. 175.〕〔"Gawęda," ''Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN'' (PWN Universal Encyclopedia), vol. 2, 1974, p. 26.〕 ''Gawęda'' elements may be found in works by Adam Mickiewicz (''Pan Tadeusz''), Juliusz Słowacki (''Preliminaria peregrynacji do Ziemi Świętej JO. księcia Radziwiłła Sierotki''—Preliminaries to the Peregrination to the Holy Land of Prince Radziwiłł the Orphan),〔"Gawęda," ''Encyklopedia Polski'' (Encyclopedia of Poland), p. 175.〕 and in Henryk Sienkiewicz's ''Trilogy''. The ''szlachta gawęda'' played a great role in the development of the Polish historical novel.〔"Gawęda," ''Encyklopedia Polski'' (Encyclopedia of Poland), p. 175.〕 A twentieth-century practitioner of ''gawęda'' was Melchior Wańkowicz (1892–1974).〔"Gawęda," ''Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN'' (PWN Universal Encyclopedia), vol. 2, 1974, p. 26.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gawęda」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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