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Gdov
Gdov ((ロシア語:Гдов); (エストニア語:Oudova)) is a town and the administrative center of Gdovsky District in Pskov Oblast, Russia, located on the Gdovka River, just from its outflow into Lake Peipus. Population:
==History==
It was first mentioned in the beginning of the 14th century, as an outpost guarding the city of Pskov. Between 1431 and 1434, Pskovians built a fortress there,〔 the remains of which can still be seen. It was attacked on numerous occasions by Swedes and Poles〔 (e.g., during the Russo–Swedish War (1590–1595) and the Ingrian War), captured by Swedes in 1614, but was finally returned to Russia in 1617 according to the Treaty of Stolbovo.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, Gdov was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate).〔(Указ об учреждении губерний и о росписании к ним городов ) 〕 Gdov was mentioned as one of the towns into which the governorate was divided.〔 In 1780, Gdov was granted town status;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gdov )〕 its coat of arms was granted on May 28, 1781.〔 Between 1874 and 1912, Gdov issued Zemstvo stamps. The first stamp, worth two kopecks, appeared on April 16, 1874. Stamp production ceased, however, with the coming of World War I. In 1919, Gdov was an area where important events of the Russian Civil War and the Estonian War of Independence were taking place. Originally, the area east of Lake Peipus was under control of the revolutionary government. On May 15, 1919, the detachment under command of Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz (subordinate to General Aleksandr Rodzyanko) captured Gdov and the whole uyezd thus came under control by the White Army troops of Nikolai Yudenich. In November 1919, the Red Army recaptured Gdov.
On August 1, 1927, the uyezds and governorates were abolished and Gdovsky District, with the administrative center in Gdov, was established as a part of Luga Okrug of Leningrad Oblast.〔''Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast'', pp. 11–13〕 It included parts of former Gdovsky Uyezd.〔 On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were also abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.〔 Between March 22, 1935 and September 19, 1940, Gdovsky District was a part of the restored Pskov Okrug of Leningrad Oblast,〔 one of the okrugs abutting the state boundaries of Soviet Union. Between July 19, 1941 and February 4, 1944, Gdov was occupied by German troops. The town was seriously damaged during the war but partially restored afterwards. On August 23, 1944, the district was transferred to newly established Pskov Oblast.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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