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Gaykhatu
Gaykhatu (Mongolian: Gaikhalt; Mongolian Cyrillic: ''Гайхалт'', died 1295) was the fifth Ilkhanate ruler in Iran. He reigned from 1291 to 1295. During his reign, Gaykhatu was a noted dissolute who was addicted to wine, women, and sodomy, according to Mirkhond.〔Stevens, John. ''The history of Persia. Containing, the lives and memorable actions of its kings from the first erecting of that monarchy to this time; an exact Description of all its Dominions; a curious Account of India, China, Tartary, Kermon, Arabia, Nixabur, and the Islands of Ceylon and Timor; as also of all Cities occasionally mention'd, as Schiras, Samarkand, Bokara, &c. Manners and Customs of those People, Persian Worshippers of Fire; Plants, Beasts, Product, and Trade. With many instructive and pleasant digressions, being remarkable Stories or Passages, occasionally occurring, as Strange Burials; Burning of the Dead; Liquors of several Countries; Hunting; Fishing; Practice of Physick; famous Physicians in the East; Actions of Tamerlan, &c. To which is added, an abridgment of the lives of the kings of Harmuz, or Ormuz. The Persian history written in Arabick, by Mirkond, a famous Eastern Author that of Ormuz, by Torunxa, King of that Island, both of them translated into Spanish, by Antony Teixeira, who liv'd several Years in Persia and India; and now render'd into English.''〕 His Buddhist baghshi gave him the Tibetan name Rinchindorj.
His name means "amazing/surprising" in the Mongolian language as in "gaikhakh" (to get surprised).
== Reign ==
He had originally been governor of Seljuk Anatolia, and was nominated for the throne by an influential Mongol commander, Ta'achar, who had murdered Gaykhatu's brother, the then paralyzed Ilkhan Arghun. Ta'achar intended to promote Baydu, but when Baydu didn't appear at the ''quriltai'', Gaykhatu was enthroned instead.〔Atwood, p. 234〕 During his reign, the princess Kökötchin had arrived from the court of his Khagan Kublai, escorted by none other than Marco Polo. The new Ilkhan decreed that the princess be married to his nephew Ghazan, who had fully supported his right to rule. Gaykhatu's wife, Padshah, was the daughter of Kütlugh Turkan (Turkan Khatun) of Kirman. Padshah had taken the title of ''Safwat al-dunya wa al-Din'' (literally, Purity of the earthly world and of the faith) after Djalal da-Din Abu'l-Muzzafar was deposed as head of the Mongol tribe that reigned in southeastern Iran. Padshah was known for the murder of her stepbrother, Suyurghatamish. One of his clansmen, Khurdudjin, managed to avenge him by putting her to death, with the tacit approval of the later Ilkhan, Baydu.
In 1292, Gaykhatu had sent a message to the Egyptian Mamluk Sultan Al-Ashraf Khalil, threatening to conquer the whole of the Levant if he was not allowed to live in Aleppo. Al-Ashraf replied: "The khan has the same ideas as me. I too hope to bring back Baghdad to the fold of Islam as previously. We will see which of us two will be quicker".〔Al-Maqrizi, p.242/vol.2〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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