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Gentamicin, sold under brand names Garamycin among others, is an antibiotic used to treat many types of bacterial infections.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url = http://www.drugs.com/monograph/gentamicin-sulfate.html )〕 This may include bone infections, endocarditis, pelvic inflammatory disease, meningitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and sepsis among others. It is not effective for gonorrhea or chlamydia infections. It can be given intravenously, by injection into a muscle, or topically.〔 Topical formulations may be used in burns or for infections of the outside of the eye. In the developed world it is often only used for two days until bacterial cultures determine what antibiotics the infection is sensitive to. The dose required should be monitored by blood testing.〔 Gentamicin can cause inner ear problems and kidney problems.〔 The inner ear problems can include problems with balance and problems with hearing. These problems may be permanent. If used during pregnancy it can cause harm to the baby.〔 It appears to be safe for use during breastfeeding.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/gentamicin.html )〕 Gentamicin is a type of aminoglycoside. It works by stopping the bacteria from making protein which typically kills the bacteria.〔 Gentamicin was discovered in 1963. It is made from the bacteria ''Micromonospora purpurea''.〔 Gentamicin is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. It is available as a generic medication. It wholesale cost is between 0.05 and 0.58 USD per day.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&code=GEN10A&s_year=2014&year=2014&str=10%20mg%2Fml&desc=Gentamicin%20Sulfate&pack=new&frm=AMPOULE&rte=INJ&class_code2=06%2E2%2E2%2E&supplement=&class_name=%2806%2E2%2E2%2E%29Other%20antibacterials%3Cbr%3E )〕 ==Medical uses== Active against a wide range of bacterial infections, mostly Gram-negative bacteria including ''Pseudomonas'', ''Proteus'', Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, ''Serratia'', and the Gram-positive ''Staphylococcus''. Gentamicin is used in the treatment of respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, blood, bone and soft tissues infections of these susceptible bacteria. Gentamicin is not used for ''Neisseria gonorrhoeae'', ''Neisseria meningitidis'' or ''Legionella pneumophila'' bacterial infections (because of the risk of the person going into shock from lipid A Endotoxin found in certain Gram-negative organisms). Gentamicin is also useful against ''Yersinia pestis'', its relatives, and ''Francisella tularensis'' (the organism responsible for Tularemia seen often in hunters and/or trappers). Some ''Enterobacteriaceae'', ''Pseudomonas spp.'', ''Enterococci'', ''Staphylococcus aureus'' and other ''Staphylococci'' are resistant to gentamicin sulfate, to varying degrees.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url = http://www.toku-e.com/Upload/Products/PDS/20120604005203.pdf )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gentamicin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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