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Geolibertarianism is a political movement and ideology emphasizing a need for tax reform that synthesizes libertarianism and Georgism (alternatively ''geoism''). It is normally associated with the libertarian left or the radical center.〔Karen DeCoster, (Henry George and the Tariff Question ), LewRockwell.com, April 19, 2006.〕 Geolibertarians hold that geographical space and raw natural resources—most importantly, land—are common assets which all individuals share an equal right to access, not capital wealth to be privatized; therefore, individuals must pay compensation (i.e., according the rental value determined by the market, absent any improvements) to the community for the privilege of holding private title. On this proposal, economic rent is paid not for the mere occupancy or use of land, as neither the community nor the state rightfully owns the commons, but rather as an objectively assessed indemnity due for the legal right to exclude others from that land and for the protection of one's title by government force. Some geolibertarians also support Pigovian taxes on pollution and severance taxes to regulate natural resource depletion, both activities which negatively affect land values. They simultaneously agree with the standard libertarian position that each individual possesses an exclusive right to the fruits of his or her labor as private property, as opposed to produced goods being owned collectively by society or by the government acting to represent society, and that "one's labor, wages, and the products of labor" should not be taxed. Also, with the current libertarian mainstream they advocate "full civil liberties, with no crimes unless there are victims who have been invaded."〔 Geolibertarians are generally influenced by the Georgist "Single Tax" movement of the late-19th and early-20th centuries, but the ideas behind it pre-date Henry George, and can be found in different forms in the writings of John Locke, the French Physiocrats, Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, James Mill, John Stuart Mill, Herbert Spencer, and Thomas Spence. Prominent geolibertarians since George have included Albert Jay Nock, Frank Chodorov, and United States Libertarian Party co-founder David Nolan. == Property rights == In continuity with the classical liberal tradition, geolibertarians contend that land is an independent factor of production, that it is the common inheritance of all humankind, and that the justice of private property is derived from an individual's right to the fruits of his or her labor. Since land, by economic definition, is not the product of human labor, its ownership cannot be justified by appealing to natural human rights. Thus, geolibertarians recognize the individual ''civil'' right to secure exclusive ''possession'' of land (land tenure) only on the condition that, if the land has accrued economic rent, its full rental value be paid to the community deprived of equal access. This non-distortionary system of taxation, it is argued, has the effects of returning the value that belongs to all members of society and encouraging landholders to use only as much land as they need, leaving unneeded land for others to occupy, use and develop. Perhaps the best summary of the geolibertarian philosophy is Thomas Paine's assertion in his 1797 pamphlet ''Agrarian Justice'' that "Men did not make the earth. It is the value of the improvements only, and not the earth itself, that is individual property. Every proprietor owes to the community a ground rent for the land which he holds." On the other hand, John Locke wrote that private land ownership should be praised, as long as its product was not left to spoil and there was "enough, and as good left in common for others"; when this Lockean proviso is violated, the land earns rental value. Some would argue that "as good" is unlikely to be achieved in a city setting because location is paramount, and therefore, in any urban social environment, Locke's proviso requires the collection and equal distribution of ground rent. This strict definition of private property, as the fruits of labor, leads geolibertarians to advocate a free marketplace and the protection of workers' rights to their full earnings. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Geolibertarianism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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