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George Raymond Richard Martin〔 (born George Raymond Martin; September 20, 1948), often referred to as GRRM,〔 is an American novelist and short story writer in the fantasy, horror, and science fiction genres, a screenwriter, and television producer. He is best known for his international bestselling series of epic fantasy novels, ''A Song of Ice and Fire'', which HBO later adapted for its dramatic series entitled ''Game of Thrones''. Martin serves as the series' co-executive producer, while also scripting four episodes of the series. In 2005, Lev Grossman of ''Time'' called Martin "the American Tolkien", and the magazine later named him one of the "2011 Time 100," a list of the "most influential people in the world."〔(The 2011 TIME 100: George R.R. Martin ), John Hodgman, April 21, 2011〕〔(The 2011 TIME 100: Full List ) Retrieved June 5, 2011〕 ==Early life== George Raymond Martin (he later adopted the confirmation name Richard, at thirteen years old)〔 was born on September 20, 1948, in Bayonne, New Jersey,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Life & Times of George R.R. Martin )〕 the son of longshoreman Raymond Collins Martin and his wife Margaret Brady Martin. He has two younger sisters, Darleen and Janet. Martin's father was of half Italian descent, while his mother was of half Irish ancestry; he also has German, English, and French roots. The family first lived in a house on Broadway, belonging to Martin's great-grandmother. In 1953, they moved to a federal housing project near the Bayonne docks. During Martin's childhood, his world consisted predominantly of "First Street to Fifth Street", between his grade school and his home; this limited world made him want to travel and experience other places, but the only way of doing so was through his imagination, so he became a voracious reader. When Martin's family moved to a larger apartment after his sister was born, he also had a view of the waters of the Kill van Kull, where freighters and oil tankers flying flags from distant countries were entering and leaving Port Newark. He had an encyclopedia with a list of flags, and when using it to figure out where the ships came from, he would find himself dreaming of traveling to these remote locations. After the sun went down, the lights from Staten Island would shine across the water, which in his imagination was Shangri-La and "Shanghai and Paris, Timbuctoo and Kalamazoo, Marsport and Trantor, and all the other places that I'd never been and could never hope to go".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Interview with George R.R. Martin )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Heart of a Small Boy by George R. R. Martin )〕 The young Martin began writing and selling monster stories for pennies to other neighborhood children, dramatic readings included. He also wrote stories about a mythical kingdom populated by his pet turtles; the turtles died frequently in their toy castle, so he finally decided they were killing each other off in "sinister plots". Martin attended Mary Jane Donohoe School and then later Marist High School. While there he became an avid comic-book fan, developing a strong interest in the innovative superheroes being published by Marvel Comics〔 "Mr. Martin, 62 years old, says that he grew up in a federal housing project in Bayonne, which is situated on a peninsula.... 'My four years at Marist High School were not the happiest of my life,' the author admits, although his growing enthusiasm for writing comics and superhero stories first emerged during this period."〕 A letter Martin wrote to the editor of ''Fantastic Four'' was printed in issue No. 20 (Nov 1963); it was the first of many sent, e.g., ''FF'' #32, #34, and others from his family's home at 35 E. First Street, Bayonne, NJ. Fans who read his letters then wrote him letters in turn, and through such contacts, Martin joined the fledgling comics fandom of the era, writing fiction for various fanzines; he was the first to register for an early comic book convention held in New York in 1964. In 1965, Martin won comic fandom's Alley Award for his prose superhero story "Powerman vs. The Blue Barrier", the first of many awards he would go on to win for his fiction. In 1970, Martin earned a B.S. in Journalism from Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, graduating ''summa cum laude''; he went on to complete his M.S. in Journalism in 1971, also from Northwestern. Eligible for the draft during the Vietnam War, to which he objected, Martin applied for and obtained conscientious-objector status; he instead did alternative service work for two years (1972–1974) as a VISTA volunteer, attached to the Cook County Legal Assistance Foundation. An expert chess player, he also directed chess tournaments for the Continental Chess Association from 1973 to 1976. In the mid-1970s, Martin met English professor George Guthridge from Dubuque, Iowa, at a science fiction convention in Milwaukee. Martin persuaded Guthridge (who confesses that at that time he despised science fiction and fantasy) not only to give speculative fiction a second look, but to write in the field himself. (Guthridge has since been a finalist for the Hugo Award and twice for the Nebula Award for science fiction and fantasy. In 1998, he won a Bram Stoker Award for best horror novel.) In turn, Guthridge helped Martin find a job at Clarke University (then Clarke College). Martin "wasn't making enough money to stay alive", from writing and the chess tournaments, says Guthridge. From 1976 to 1978, Martin was an English and journalism instructor at Clarke, and he became Writer In Residence at the college from 1978 to 1979. While he enjoyed teaching, the sudden death of friend and fellow author Tom Reamy, in the fall of 1977, made Martin reevaluate his own life, and he eventually decided to try to become a full-time writer. He resigned from his job, and being tired of the hard winters in Dubuque, he moved to Santa Fe in 1979.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=George R.R. Martin Has a Detailed Plan For Keeping the Game of Thrones TV Show From Catching Up To Him )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「George R. R. Martin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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