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German nouns are generally capitalised (for example 'the book' is always ''"das Buch"''). Noun compounds are written together (for example, "spy satellite" is ''"Spionagesatellit"'' in German). As in many related Indo-European languages, nouns in German have a grammatical gender: masculine, feminine, or neuter, even words for objects without (obvious) masculine or feminine characteristics like 'bridge' or 'rock'. They are also declined (change form) depending on their grammatical case (their function in a sentence) and whether they are singular or plural. German has four cases, nominative, accusative, dative and genitive. German plurals are normally formed by adding ''-e'', ''-en'', ''-er'' or nothing to the noun, sometimes also a vowel is changed. Recent loanwords from French and English often keep the ''-s'' plural ending. * ''der Mann'' (sg.) - ''die Männer'' (pl.) ("the man" - "the men") == Declension for case == N-nouns: A masculine or neuter noun with genitive singular and nominative plural in ''-e(n)'' is called a ''n-noun'' or ''weak noun'' (German: ドイツ語:''schwaches Substantiv''). Sometimes these terms are extended to feminine nouns with genitive singular ''-'' and nominative plural ''-en''. For the four cases, nominative, accusative, dative and genitive, the main forms of declension are: For singular nouns: I: Feminine nouns usually have the same form in all four cases. die Frau, die Frau, der Frau, der Frau Exceptions are: * Old declensions like ''Frau/Fraw'' with genitive and dative singular ''der Frauen/Frawen'' (in older usage) * Words derived from Latin with nominative singular in -a and genitive singular -ae/-ä (in older usage) * Proper nouns derived from Latin: ''Maria'' (''Mary'' in English) with genitive singular ''Mariä, Mariens, Marias'' and ''(der) Maria''. * Proper nouns which have two genitive forms like ''Brunhilds Speer'' (''Brunhild's spear'') and ''der Speer der Brunhild'' (''the spear of Brunhild''). * The words ''Mama, Mami, Mutter, Mutti, Oma, Omi'' which have forms like ''die Tasche der Mama'', but also ''Mamas Tasche'' II: Personal names, all neuter and most masculine nouns have genitive case ''-(e)s'' endings: normally ''-es'' if one syllable long, ''-s'' if more. This is related to using 's to show possession in English, e.g. 'The boy's book'. Traditionally the nouns in this group also add -e in the dative case, but this is now often ignored. der Mann, den Mann, dem Mann(e), des Mann(e)s das Kind, das Kind, dem Kind(e), des Kind(e)s III: Masculine and neuter n-nouns take -(e)n for genitive, dative and accusative: this is used for masculine nouns ending with -e and a few others, mostly animate nouns. a) der Drache, den Drachen, dem Drachen, des Drachen b) der Prinz, den Prinzen, dem Prinzen, des Prinzen IV: A few masculine nouns take ''-(e)n'' for accusative and dative, and -(e)ns for genitive. a) der Buchstabe, den Buchstaben, dem Buchstaben, des Buchstabens b) der Glaube, den Glauben, dem Glauben, des Glaubens For plural nouns: V: In the dative case, all nouns which do not already have an -n or -s ending add -n. a) die Kinder, die Kinder, den Kindern, der Kinder b) die Frauen, die Frauen, den Frauen, der Frauen 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「German nouns」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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