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|official_languages = English 67.1%〔 |languages_type = National languages |languages = |ethnic_groups_year = 2010〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=People > Ethnic groups: Countries Compared )〕 |ethnic_groups = |capital = Accra |latd=5 |latm=33 |latNS=N |longd=0 |longm=12 |longEW=W |demonym = Ghanaian |government_type = |leader_title1 = President |leader_name1 = John Dramani Mahama |leader_title2 = Vice-President |leader_name2 = |legislature = Parliament |area_rank = 82nd |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area_km2 = 238,535 |area_sq_mi = 92,099 |percent_water = |population_estimate = 27,000,000 |population_estimate_rank = 45th |population_estimate_year = 2014 |population_census =24.2 million |population_census_year =2010 |population_density_km2 = 101.5 |population_density_sq_mi = 258.8 |population_density_rank = 103rd |GDP_PPP = $148.599 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ghana )〕 |GDP_PPP_rank = 70th |GDP_PPP_year = 2015 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $5,123.913〔 |GDP_nominal = $51.509 billion〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 126th |GDP_nominal_rank = 69th |GDP_nominal_year = 2015 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,776.113〔 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 126th | Gini_year = 2006 | Gini_change = | Gini = 42.8 | Gini_ref =〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=GINI index – World Bank )〕 | Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = steady |HDI = 0.573 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 138th |sovereignty_type = Independence |established_event1 = Declared |established_date1 = 6 March 1957 |established_event2 = Realm |established_date2 = 6 March 1957 – 1 July 1960 |established_event3 = Republic |established_date3 = 1 July 1960 |established_event4 = Current constitution |established_date4 = 28 April 1992 |currency = Ghana cedi (GH₵) |currency_code = GHS |country_code = GH |time_zone = GMT |utc_offset = +0 |drives_on = right |calling_code = +233 |cctld = .gh |image_map3 = Ghana Regions map.png |map_caption3 = Map of the Gulf of Guinea showing Ghana and its 2,093 kilometre international borders. | footnotes = }} Ghana (), officially called the Republic of Ghana, is a sovereign unitary presidential constitutional democracy, located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean, in the subregion of West Africa. Spanning a land mass of 238,535 km, Ghana is bordered by the Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, Togo in the east and the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean in the south. The word ''Ghana'' means "Warrior King" in Mande.〔Jackson, John G. (2001) ''Introduction to African Civilizations'', Citadel Press, p. 201, ISBN 0-8065-2189-9.〕 The territory of present-day Ghana has been inhabited for millennia, with the first permanent state dating back to the 11th century. Numerous kingdoms and empires emerged over the centuries, of which the most powerful was the Kingdom of Ashanti.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/asante-kingdom )〕 Beginning in the 15th century, numerous European powers contested the area for trading rights, with the British ultimately establishing control of the coast by the late 19th century. Following over a century of native resistance, Ghana's current borders were established by the 1900s as the British Gold Coast. In 1957, it became the first sub-saharan African nation to declare independence from European colonisation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=First For Sub-Saharan Africa )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Exploring Africa – Decolinization )〕 A multicultural nation, Ghana has a population of approximately 27 million, spanning a variety of ethnic, linguistic and religious groups.〔 Its diverse geography and ecology ranges from coastal savannahs to tropical jungles. Ghana's economy is the ninth-largest on the Africa continent by purchasing power parity and nominal GDP.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Five Countries to Watch )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=About the Global Peace Index )〕 Ghana is one of the countries in the continent that produces petroleum and natural gas, with the continent's fifth largest oil reserves and sixth largest natural gas reserves.〔 It is one of the world's largest gold and diamond producers, and is projected to be the largest producer of cocoa in the world as of 2015.〔〔 Ghana's growing economic prosperity and democratic political system has made it a regional power in West Africa.〔 It is a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the Group of 24 (G24). ==Etymology== The etymology of the word ''Ghana'' means "warrior king" and was the title accorded to the kings of the medieval Ghana Empire in West Africa, although this empire was further north than the modern-day country of Ghana in Guinea region.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Ghana )〕 The name "Ghana" was a possible source of the name "Guinea" (via French ''Guinoye'') used to refer to the West African coast off Ghana (as in Gulf of Guinea).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ghana: West Africa Discovery )〕 ''Ghana'' was adopted as the legal name for the area comprising four separate parts, which immediately before independence enjoyed distinct constitutional positions:〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Legislation Providing for the Grant of Independence to Ghana )〕 * the Colony of the Gold Coast; * the Colony of Ashanti; * the Protectorate of the Northern Territories; and * the Trust Territory of Togoland (under British administration). The minister responsible for shepherding through the independence legislation Charles Arden-Clarke Lord Listowel explained that the name was chosen "in accordance with local wishes".〔HC Deb 11 December 1956 vol 562 cc229-326, GHANA INDEPENDENCE BILL, The Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations (Lord John Hope) "First, there is the name "Ghana." This has been conferred on the new country in accordance with local wishes. It was the name of an ancient kingdom, in what is now French territory south of the Sahara, which has acquired great historic significance in the Gold Coast."〕 ==History== (詳細はウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ghana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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