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The Arabic letter ((アラビア語:غين) ' or ') is the nineteenth letter of the Arabic alphabet, one of the six letters not in the twenty-two akin to the Phoenician alphabet (the others being , , , , ). It is the twenty-second letter in the new Persian alphabet. It represents the sound or . In Persian language it represents ~. In name and shape, it is a variant of ʻayn (). Its numerical value is 1000 (see Abjad numerals). A voiced velar fricative or a voiced uvular fricative (usually reconstructed for Proto-Semitic) merged with ʻayin in most languages except for Arabic, Ugaritic, and older varieties of the Canaanite languages. Canaanite languages and Hebrew later also merged it with ʻayin, and this merger was complete in Tiberian Hebrew. The South Arabian alphabet retained a symbol for '','' . The letter ' () is sometimes used to represent the voiced velar plosive in loan words and names in Arabic and is then often pronounced , not , such as the word for ''Bulgaria'' (). Other letters, such as , , (also , , , , , instead of the original Arabic letters), can be used to transcribe in loan words and names, depending on whether the local variety of Arabic in the country has the phoneme , which letter represents it if it does, and on whether it is customary in the country to use that letter to transcribe . For instance, in Egypt, where is pronounced as in all situations, even when speaking Modern Standard Arabic (except in certain contexts, such as reciting the Qur'an), is used to transcribe foreign in virtually all contexts. In many cases is pronounced in loan words as expected—, not —even though the original language had . When representing this sound in transliteration of Arabic into Hebrew, it is written as ע׳. In English, the letter in Arabic names is usually transliterated as ‹›, ‹›, or simply ‹g›, e.g. ' 'Baghdad', or ' 'Gaza', the latter of which does not render the sound ~ accurately. The closest equivalent sound known to most English speakers is the Parisian French "r" . ' is written is several ways depending in its position in the word: ==Origins of ghayn== Ghayn is believed to have come from the following hieroglyph that depicts two twisted fibers. This coincidentally superficially resembles the IPA symbol upside down. is conventionally used for the sound of ghayn. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ghayn」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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