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Gheo-shih
Gheo-shih (5000 BC-3000 BC), which translates to “''River of the Gourd Trees''” in the Zapotec language,〔Lawler, Andrew. “The Oldest Ritual?” American Archaeology, (2005). Andrew Lawler. 28 Sept. 2011.〕 is an open-air site found in the Oaxaca Valley that holds what is considered as the earliest representation of civic-ceremonial architecture.〔Evans, Susan Toby. Ancient Mexico & Central America. London: Thames & Hudson, 2008.〕 Within this site is a cleared area lined by boulders that is thought to have been used for rituals, dances or athletic competitions. This site could have held 25-30 people〔Marcus, Joyce and Kent V. Flannery. “''The Coevolution of Ritual and Society: New 14C Dates from Ancient Mexico.''” PNAS (2004). 28 Sept. 2011〕 and is believed to be a congregation site for microbands during the rainy seasons of the Archaic period. ==Geography==
Gheo-Shih is located in the Oaxaca Valley, which is in the Southwestern highlands of present day Mexico. The site is roughly 100 by 150 m (about 1.5 ha),〔Marcus, Joyce and Kent V. Flannery. The Radiocarbon Dating of Public Buildings and Ritual Features in the Ancient Valley of Oaxaca. 2005〕 and has an elevation of 1,660 m.〔Marcus, Joyce and Kent V. Flannery. “The Coevolution of Ritual and Society: New 14C Dates from Ancient Mexico.” PNAS (2004). 28 Sept. 2011〕 During the rainy season (June through September) there was an abundance of mesquite pods and fruit as well as planted squash and gourds.〔Evans, Susan Toby. Ancient Mexico & Central America. London: Thames & Hudson, 2008.〕
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