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· Qom Metropolis}} |nickname = Religious Capital Of Iran, Cultural Hub Of Iran, Scientific Capital Of Iran, The City Of Bookshops |other_name = Komb, Koama, Stanber Boffart Qoad, Memjan |settlement_type = Metropolis |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_seal = Qom_Seal.png |seal_alt = |pushpin_map = Iran |mapsize = 150px |coordinates_region = IR |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Qom |subdivision_type3 = County |subdivision_name3 = Central |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Sayed Morteza Saghaian-Nejad |established_title = |established_date = |area_total_km2 = |area_footnotes = |population_as_of = 2011 |population_total = 1,374,036 |population_blank1_title = Population Rank in Iran |population_blank1 = 7th |population_density_km2 = auto |timezone = IRST |utc_offset = +3:30 |timezone_DST = IRDT |utc_offset_DST = +4:30 |coordinates_display = % | latd = 34 |latm=38 |lats=24 |latNS=N | longd = 50 |longm=52 |longs=35 |longEW=E |elevation_m = 928 |website = |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 37100 |area_code = (+98) 25 |footnotes = }} Qom ((ペルシア語:قم) (:ɢom)), also spelled as Qum or Ghom; is the 8th largest city in Iran. It lies by road southwest of Tehran and is the capital of Qom Province. At the 2011 census its population was 1,074,036 (957,496 at the 2006 census, in 241,827 families), comprising 545,704 men and 528,332 women. It is situated on the banks of the Qom River. Qom city enjoys a dry and warm climate with low annual rainfall due to remoteness from the sea and being situated in the vicinity of desert. Qom is considered holy by Shi`a Islam, as it is the site of the shrine of Fatema Mæ'sume, sister of Imam `Ali ibn Musa Rida (Persian ''Imam Reza'', 789–816 AD). The city is the largest center for Shi'a scholarship in the world, and is a significant destination of pilgrimage. Qom is famous for a brittle toffee called "Sohan" (Persian:سوهان), considered a souvenir of the city and sold by 2,000 to 2,500 "Sohan" shops. Qom has developed into a lively industrial centre owing in part to its proximity to Tehran. It is a regional centre for the distribution of petroleum and petroleum products, and a natural gas pipeline from Bandar Anzali and Tehran and a crude-oil pipeline from Tehran run through Qom to the Abadan refinery on the Persian Gulf. Qom gained additional prosperity when oil fields were discovered at Sarajeh near the city in 1956 and a large refinery was built between Qom and Tehran.〔Encyclopedia Britannica〕 ==Geography== Qom, the capital of Qom province, is located 125 kilometers south of Tehran, on a low plain. The shrine of Masoumeh, the sister of Imam Reza, is located in this city, which is considered by Shia Muslims holy. The city is located in the boundary of the central desert of Iran (Kavir-e-markazi). This city has a hot summer semi-desert climate with low annual rainfall due to remoteness from the sea and being situated in the vicinity of desert. The exception being its hot summers, other seasons are suitable for travelling to Qom. At the 2011 census its population was 1,074,036,〔 comprising 545,704 men and 528,332 women. Qom is counted as one of the focal centers of the Shi'a both in Iran and around the globe. Since the revolution, the clerical population has risen from around 25,000 to more than 45,000 and the non-clerical population has more than tripled to about 700,000. Substantial sums of money in the form of alms and Islamic taxes flow into Qom to the ten marja-i taqlid or "Source of Imitation" that reside there.〔Christopher de Bellaigue, ''The Struggle for Iran'', New York Review of Books, 2007, p.24〕 The number of seminary schools in Qom is now over 50, and the number of research institutes and libraries somewhere near 250.〔 Its theological center and the Fatima al-Masumeh Shrine are prominent features of Qom. Another very popular religious site of pilgrimage formerly outside the city of Qom but now more of a suburb is called Jamkaran. Qom's proximity to Tehran has allowed the clerical establishment easy access to monitor the affairs and decisions of state. Many grand ayatollahs hold offices in both Tehran and Qom; many people simply commute between the two cities as they are only apart. Southeast of Qom is the ancient city of Kashan. Directly south of Qom lie the towns of Delijan, Mahallat, Naraq, Pardisan City, Kahak, and Jasb. The surrounding area to the east of Qom is populated by Tafresh, Saveh, and Ashtian and Jafarieh. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Qom」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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