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Ghōr (Pashto/(ペルシア語:غور)), also spelled Ghowr or Ghur, is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is located in central Afghanistan, towards the north-west. The province contains ten districts, encompassing hundreds of villages, and approximately 657,200 settled people.〔 Chaghcharan serves as the capital of the province. The name "Ghor" is a cognate to Avestan ''gairi-'', Sanskrit ''giri-'' and Middle Persian ''gar'', in modern Persian ''koh-'', Sogdian ''gor-''/''gur-'', in later developed Bactrian language as ''g´wrao-'' (also ''paravata''), meaning "mountain", in modern Pashto as ''ghar-'', in Pamir languages as ''gar-'' and ''ghalcca-'' ("mountain"). ==History== The inhabitants of Ghor were completely Islamized during the Ghurids era. Before the 12th century, the area was home to Hindus, Zoroastrians, Buddhists, Muslims and a small number of Jews. Remains of the oldest settlements discovered by Lithuanian archaeologists in 2007 and 2008 in Ghor date back to 5000 BC.〔(Province hides monuments some of which date back to 5000 BC ), Quqnoos.com, 22 May 2008〕 Ruins of a few castles and other defense fortifications were also discovered in the environs of Chaghcharan. A Buddhist monastery hand-carved in the bluff of the river Harirud existed in the first centuries during the prevalence of Buddhism. The artificial caves revealed testimony of daily life of the Buddhist monks.〔(Lithuanian archeologists make discovery in Afghanistan ), ''The Baltic Times'', May 22, 2008; (Archaeologists make new discoveries about ancient Afghan cultures ), ''Top News'', 05/23/2008.〕 Various scholars and historians such as John McLeod attribute the conversion of the Ghauris to Islam at the hands of Mahmud Ghazni who converted them to Islam after his conquest of Ghor: a people from central Afghanistan who had been converted to Islam by Mahmud.〔The history of India By John McLeod Published by Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002 Page 34〕 Traditional Muslim historians such as Istakhri and Ibn Haukal attest to the existence of the non-Islamic enclave of Ghor prior to the time of Ghazni, who is attributed with converting its population to Islam. Minhaju-S-Siraj records the strife between the non-Muslim and Muslim populations. According to Minhahu-S Siraj, Amir Suri was captured by Mahmud of Ghazni, made prisoner along with his son and taken to Ghazni, where Amir Suri died.〔The History of India as told by its own Historians by Eliot and Dowson, Volume 2 page 286〕 In 1011, 1015 and 1020, both Mahmud and Mas'ud I led expeditions into Ghur and established Islam in place of the indigenous paganism. After this, Ghur was considered a vassal state of the Ghaznavid empire.〔C.E. Bosworth, ''The Later Ghaznavids'', (Columbia University Press, 1977), 68.〕 During the reign of 'Abd ar Rashi and the usurper Toghrul, Ghur and Gharchistan gained autonomy.〔C.E. Bosworth, ''The Later Ghaznavids'', 69.〕 Ghor was also the centre of the Ghurid dynasty in the 12th and 13th century. The remains of their capital Firuzkuh, which was sacked and destroyed by the Mongols in 1222, includes the Minaret of Jam, a UNESCO World Heritage site. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ghor Province」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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