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Gillenia
''Gillenia'' (syn. ''Porteranthus'') is a genus of two species of perennial herbs in the Rosaceae family. Common names for plants in this genus include: Bowman's root, Indian-physic, American ipecac. This genus is endemic to dry open woods with acidic soils in eastern North America. Both plants are subshrubs with exposed semi-woody branches and serrated leaves; the larger lower leaves are divided into palmately arranged leaflets. Plants bloom in May, June, or July; blooms are composed of five slender white petals which are loosely arranged and typically appear slightly twisted and limp as if they were wilted. The flowers mature into small capsules. These plants are often planted as ornamentals and used medicinally as an herbal remedy.
==Classification and name==
Traditionally this genus is considered to be related to Spiraea,〔Focke, W.O. 1894. Rosaceae. In ''Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten''. Edited by A. Engler & K. Prantl. Leipzig, W. Engelmann.〕 but it became apparent that it comes from the lineage which lead to tribe Maleae (which arose from within subfamily Amygdaloideae).〔 (the name Maloideae for the subfamily now known as tribe Maleae )〕〔
''Gillenia'' has a haploid chromosome number of 9, while Maleae have a haploid chromosome number of 17 (which was probably produced from a ''Gillenia''-like ancestor by doubling the genome and then losing a chromosome). Flower structure and fossil evidence also point to ''Gillenia'' sharing distinctive features with the Maleae.〔 Another similarity between ''Gillenia'' and Maleae is susceptibility to ''Phragmidium'' fungus. Differences between ''Gillenia'' and Maleae include the chromosome number and the latter being solely woody pome bearing plants, while ''Gillenia'' is herbaceous and has a dry follicular fruit.
The name ''Porteranthus'' (Britton ex Small) has sometimes been used for this genus. The name ''Gillenia'' was thought to be already occupied by ''Gillena'', a very similar name used by Michel Adanson as a synonym for ''Clethra'' (under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants "names that are so similar that they are likely to be confused" should be treated as homonyms〔(ICN 2011 Melbourne Code )〕 Art. 53.3-5). However, a proposal to formally conserve ''Gillenia''〔 was mooted after it was determined that ''Gillena'' was not validly published and a vote at the International Botanical Congress decided that it and ''Gillenia'' were not likely to be confused. Thus, ''Gillenia'' is the correct name (and ''Porteranthus'' was validly published but is superfluous and illegitimate〔 Art. 52.1).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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