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|birth_place = Rome, Italy |main_interests = Aesthetics Political philosophy |notable_ideas = ''Homo sacer'' "state of exception" "whatever singularity", "''la vita nuda''", ''auctoritas'', form-of-life, the ''zoe''–''bios'' distinction as the "fundamental categorial pair of Western politics,"〔''Homo Sacer'', Stanford UP, 1998, p. 8.〕 the "paradox of sovereignty"〔The paradox "consists in the fact the sovereign is, at the same time, outside and inside the juridical order." (Agamben, ''Homo Sacer'', Stanford UP, 1998, p. 15)〕 |influences = AristotleMarxGuy DebordFoucaultBenjamin DerridaHeideggerArendtBruno NietzscheWarburgSchmitt Lévi-StraussBenvenisteDeleuze |influenced = Dominick LaCapra, Justin Clemens, ''Tiqqun'' editors, Mario Kopić, Derek Gregory }} Giorgio Agamben (; born 22 April 1942) is an Italian philosopher best known for his work investigating the concepts of the state of exception,〔Generally speaking, "state of exception" includes German ''Notstand'', English state of emergency and others martial law. Agamben prefers using this term as it underlines the structure of ''ex-ception'', which is simultaneously of inclusion and exclusion. "Ex-ception" can be opposed to the concept of "example" as developed by Immanuel Kant.〕 form-of-life (borrowed from Ludwig Wittgenstein) and ''homo sacer''. The concept of biopolitics (borrowed from Michel Foucault) informs many of his writings. == Biography == Agamben was educated at the University of Rome, where he wrote an unpublished thesis on the political thought of Simone Weil. Agamben participated in Martin Heidegger's Le Thor seminars (on Heraclitus and Hegel) in 1966 and 1968.〔See Martin Heidegger, ''Four Seminars'' (Bloomington, IN: Indiana UP, 2003).〕 In the 1970s, he worked primarily on linguistics, philology, poetics, and topics in medieval culture. During this period, Agamben began to elaborate his primary concerns, although their political bearings were not yet made explicit. In 1974–1975 he was a fellow at the Warburg Institute, University of London, due to the courtesy of Frances Yates, whom he met through Italo Calvino. During this fellowship, Agamben began to develop his second book, ''Stanzas'' (1977). Agamben was close to the poets Giorgio Caproni and José Bergamín, and to the Italian novelist Elsa Morante, to whom he devoted the essays "The Celebration of the Hidden Treasure" (in ''The End of the Poem'') and "Parody" (in ''Profanations''). He has been a friend and collaborator to such eminent intellectuals as Pier Paolo Pasolini (in whose ''The Gospel According to St. Matthew'' he played the part of Philip), Italo Calvino (with whom he collaborated, for a short while, as advisor to the publishing house Einaudi and developed plans for a journal), Ingeborg Bachmann, Pierre Klossowski, Guy Debord, Jean-Luc Nancy, Jacques Derrida, Antonio Negri, Jean-François Lyotard and others. His strongest influences include Martin Heidegger, Walter Benjamin and Michel Foucault. Agamben edited Benjamin's collected works in Italian translation until 1996, and called Benjamin's thought "the antidote that allowed me to survive Heidegger".〔Leland de la Durantaye, ''Giorgio Agamben: A Critical Introduction'' (Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 2009), p. 53.〕 In 1981, Agamben discovered several important lost manuscripts by Benjamin in the archives of the Bibliothèque nationale de France. Benjamin had left these manuscripts to Georges Bataille when he fled Paris shortly before his death. The most relevant of these to Agamben's own later work were Benjamin's manuscripts for his theses ''On the Concept of History''.〔See de la Durantaye, pp. 148-49.〕 Agamben has engaged since the nineties in a debate with the political writings of the German jurist Carl Schmitt, most extensively in the study ''State of Exception'' (2003). His recent writings also elaborate on the concepts of Michel Foucault, whom he calls "a scholar from whom I have learned a great deal in recent years".〔''The Signature of All Things: On Method'' (New York: Zone, 2009), p. 7.〕 Agamben's political thought was originally founded on his readings of Aristotle's ''Politics'', ''Nicomachean Ethics'', and treatise ''On the Soul'', as well as the exegetical traditions concerning these texts in late antiquity and the Middle Ages. In his later work, Agamben intervenes in the theoretical debates following the publication of Nancy's essay ''La communauté désoeuvrée'' (1983),〔Nancy's essay responded to a proposal by Jean-Christophe Bailly, who put the word and concept of ''community'', then relatively neglected in French philosophical discourse, up for discussion. Bailley's contribution was "The community, the number," a topic for an issue of the French magazine ''Aléa'', which was edited at that time by Christian Bourgois. Cf. Jean-Luc Nancy, ''La communauté désoeuvrée'' (Paris: Christian Bourgois, 1983). In English transl., ''The Inoperative Community'' (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1991).〕 and Maurice Blanchot's response, ''La communauté inavouable'' (1983). These texts analyzed the notion of community at a time when the European Community was under debate. Agamben proposed his own model of a community which would not presuppose categories of identity in ''The Coming Community'' (1990). At this time, Agamben also analyzed the ontological condition and "political" attitude of Bartleby (from Herman Melville's short story) — a ''scrivener'' who does not react, and "prefers not" to write. Currently, Agamben is teaching at Accademia di Architettura di Mendrisio (Università della Svizzera Italiana) and has taught at the Università IUAV di Venezia, the Collège International de Philosophie in Paris, and the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland; he previously taught at the University of Macerata and at the University of Verona, both in Italy.〔See: (Giorgio Agamben ) Faculty profile at European Graduate School〕 He also has held visiting appointments at several American universities, from the University of California, Berkeley, to Northwestern University, and at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf. Agamben received the Prix Européen de l'Essai Charles Veillon in 2006.〔(Fondation Charles Veillon ) Prix Européen de l’Essai. 2006〕 In 2013 he was awarded the Dr. Leopold Lucas Prize by the University of Tübingen for his work titled ''Leviathans Rätsel'' (Leviathan's Riddle, translated into English by Paul Silas Peterson). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Giorgio Agamben」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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