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Giornico is a municipality in the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. ==History== Giornico is first mentioned around 935-94 as ''de Iudicibus Giornicensis''. In 1202 it was mentioned as ''Iornico'', and around 1210-58 it was mentioned as ''Zurnigo''. Formerly, it was known by the German names of ''Yrnis'' or ''Girnis''.〔 During the Middle Ages, the large ''Vicinanza'' of Giornico comprised 15-20 settlements or villages, which were distributed to several ''Degagne'', the exact border of some are still unclear. This organizational structure remained until the formation of the Canton of Ticino in 1803. During the reign of the Milan Cathedral over the three valleys that followed the Ambrosian Rite in their worship services, Giornico was a regional administrative center. A court day was held in Giornico for the Leventina valley, which was a supplement to the Placita, the main meetings in Bodio.〔 The plague struck Giornico several times including; 1484, 1566 and 1629 (265 victims). In the Battle of Giornico on 28 December 1478 a Swiss force of 600 defeated 10,000 Milanese troops. By 1567, the local parish was independent, but the date of separation from the church in Biasca is not known. The Church of St. Nicholas, was built in the second decade of the 12th Century. With its remarkable capitals, it is the most important romanesque church in the canton. Originally it was part of a 15th Century Benedictine monastery.〔 The parish church of S. Michele is first mentioned in 1210. During the Late Middle Ages it was rebuilt as a three-nave church. The three-nave church was replaced in 1787 by a one-nave church. The choir is from 1644, the bell tower is from 1861. The church of S. Maria del Castello, with frescoes by an Seregneser master from 1448, was built in various stages at the site of a castle. The castle was probably built in the 12th Century by the da Giornico family and was destroyed in 1518 by the army of the Canton of Uri. The castle wall remains and portions of the keep have been preserved. The church of S. Pellegrino at the old road to Chironico, was consecrated in 1345 and expanded in the 16th Century. It houses the largest collection of late Renaissance paintings in Ticino (Giovanni Battista and Domenico Tarilli Caresana, 1589). The Casa Stanga, an old inn from the 16th Century, is known for the facade, which was decorated in 1589 with the coat of arms of famous guests. Since 1972, the building houses the Museum of the Levantine. In the center there is a medieval tower, which according to tradition, was built by Saint Atto of Vercelli. The center of town is characterized by a row of houses from the 18th-19th Centuries.〔 The town was damaged in 1868 by a flood, and in 1978, 1993 and 2000 by landslides. New barriers were built to prevent further landslides. The old road over the Ticino river, has two stone arch bridges, and led on the right side of the valley. It bypassed the Biaschina gorge and ran toward the church of San Pellegrino. Today, the ravine is spanned by railway tunnels and the longest and highest viaduct, on the A2 motorway. The construction of the railway line in the 19th Century brought a loss of importance for Giornico. Because of the steep slope of the line (27‰) the construction of a station suitable for trade and transport was not possible.〔 The favorable climate have made the cultivation of vineyards and chestnut possible. Originally a farming village that lived from the Gotthard road, the municipality has gradually changed to an industrial and residential town. Since the end of World War II, this trend has accelerated. The steel mills of the Monteforno company, which opened in 1946, closed at the end of 1994. The debate about the future of the abandoned area is still open. A revival of the industrial sector was experienced in 2002 when the maker of railway accessories, Tensol Rail AG from Piotta moved into the town. In 2002 its revenue was about 22.3 million francs.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Giornico」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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