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"Giovinezza" ((:dʒoviˈnettsa); Italian for ''youth'') is the official hymn of the Italian National Fascist Party, regime, and army, and was the unofficial national anthem of Italy between 1924 and 1943.〔Farrell, Nicholas. 2005. ''Mussolini: a New Life''. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN 1-84212-123-5. p. 238.〕 Although often sung with the official national anthem Marcia Reale, some sources consider Giovinezza to have supplanted the Royal March as the ''de facto'' national anthem (''Inno della Patria''〔) of Italy,〔Silone, Ignazio. 1977. ''Fontamara''. Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-0662-7. p. 252.〕 to the dismay of Victor Emmanuel III of Italy〔Smith, Denis Mack. 1959. ''Italy: A Modern History''. University of Michigan Press. p. 391.〕—a powerful symbol of the diarchy between the King and Mussolini.〔Mack-Smith, Denis M. 1989. ''Italy and Its Monarchy''. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-05132-8. p. 273.〕 It was subsequently the official anthem of the Italian Social Republic. Ubiquitous in fascist Italy, the hymn emphasized youth as a theme of the fascist movement and was one example of the centrality of the Arditi (Italian World War I veterans) to the fascist narrative.〔Olick, Jeffrey K. 2003. ''States of Memory-CL: continuities, conflicts, and transformations in national retrospection''. Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-3063-6. p. 69.〕 ==History== "Giovinezza" was composed by lawyer and composer Giuseppe Blanc in 1909 as "Commiato" (Italian for "farewell"). Blanc also wrote other Fascist songs, including ''The Eagles of Rome'', the Imperial Hymn.〔Arnold, Denis. 1983. ''The New Oxford Companion to Music''. Oxford University Press. p. 763.〕 Previously a Turin university graduation song,〔Langsam, Walter Consuelo. 1954. ''The World Since 1919''. Macmillan. p. 154.〕 and popular among Italian soldiers during World War I, the song was called "Inno degli Arditi" (Hymn of the Arditi, a corps of the Italian Royal Army during World War I, whose members joined the fascist movement in large numbers).〔Scott, Jonathan French, and Baltzly, Alexander. 1930. ''Readings in European History Since 1814''. F. S. Crofts & co. p. 607.〕 The hymn was further popularized by the mass rallies of Gabriele d'Annunzio in Fiume.〔Payne, George Stanley. 1995. ''A History of Fascism, 1914-1945''. Routledge. ISBN 1-85728-595-6. p. 92.〕 The version sung during the March on Rome was composed by G. Castaldo in 1921, using the original score by Giuseppe Blanc and words by Marcello Manni (beginning "Su compagni in forte schiere").〔 After the March on Rome, where it was sung, Mussolini commissioned Salvator Gotta to write the new lyrics, which were completed in 1924.〔"("Giovinezza" (The Youth) )."〕 Gotta's version plays on fascist themes like youth and nationalism. Its reference to "Alighieri's vision" is an allusion to Dante Alighieri marking Italy's borders on the Quarnaro River, thus including the province of Istria, a territory granted to Italy after World War I.〔Bosworth, Richard J. B. 1996. ''Italy and the Wider World 1860-1960''. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-13477-3. p. 154.〕 After the capitulation of Italy in 1944, the Allies suppressed the hymn in Italy. At the time, Italy had no national anthem,〔Blom, Eric ed., 1955, ''Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', St. Martin's Press, p. 22〕 until ''Il Canto degli Italiani'' was provisionally chosen when Italy became a Republic on 12 October 1946, only to be officially legislated on 17 November 2005. "Giovinezza" is currently banned in Italy,〔Bertini, Tullio Bruno. 1998. ''Trapped in Tuscany Liberated by the Buffalo Soldiers''. Branden Books. ISBN 0-937832-35-9. p. 79.〕〔Porter, Andrew. 1992, June 8. "Mario and the Magician - Opera." ''Financial Times''. p. 13.〕 people have been arrested in the post-war period for singing it. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Giovinezza」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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