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Giresun (; (トルコ語:Giresun), from ) is the provincial capital of Giresun Province in the Black Sea Region of northeastern Turkey, about west of the city of Trabzon. ==Etymology== Giresun was known to the ancient Greeks as ''Choerades'' or more prominently as Kerasous or Cerasus (), the origin of the modern name. Pre-Greek and Greek linguist Robert S. P. Beekes has stated that the name Kerasous corresponds to κερασός (kerasós) "cherry" + -ουντ (a place marker). Thus, he notes that the Greek root of the word "cherry", κερασός (kerasós), predates the name of the city,〔 Beekes holds that the ultimate origin of the word cherry (and thus the name of the city) is from a Pre-Greek substrate, likely of Anatolian origin, given the intervocalic σ in Κερασοῦς and the apparent cognates of it found in other languages the region.〔 However, Black Sea Region researcher Özhan Öztürk has said that Kerasous instead corresponds to κέρας (keras) "horn" + -ουντ (a place marker), for the prominent horn-shaped peninsula that the city is situated on (compare with the Greek name for the horn-shaped Golden Horn waterway in Istanbul, Κέρας (Keras) "Horn"). According to Öztürk, the toponym later mutated into ''Kerasunt'' (sometimes written ''Kérasounde'' or ''Kerassunde''), and the word "cherry" (as well as its cognates found in other local languages) was derived from the name of the city itself, rather than the other way around as Beekes claims.〔 Pharnaces I of Pontus renamed the city Pharnacia after himself after he captured the city in 183 BCE, and it was called by that name as late as the 2nd century CE. According to A. H. M. Jones, the city officially reverted to its original name, Kerasous, in 64 CE.〔''Arrian: Periplus Ponti Euxini'', edited and translated by Aidan Liddle (London: Bristol Classical Press, 2003), p. 117〕 Whatever the etymology, the Greek name Kerasous was Turkified into Giresun after Turks gained permanent control of the region in the late 15th century. The English word ''cherry'', French ''cerise'', Spanish ''cereza'', and Turkish ''kiraz'', among countless others, all come from Ancient Greek κερασός "cherry tree", which has been identified with Kerasous, although whether the word κερασός pre-dates the city's name or not is up for debate, as noted above. According to Pliny, the cherry was first exported from Cerasus to Europe in Roman times by Lucullus. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Giresun」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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