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Girondist
The Gironde ((フランス語:La Gironde)), whose members called Girondists ((フランス語:Girondins)), were a political group in France in 1791–95 within the Legislative Assembly and the National Convention during the French Revolution. Girondists were part of the Jacobin movement, though not every Girondist was a member of the Jacobin Club.
The Girondists campaigned for the end of the monarchy but then resisted the spiraling momentum of the Revolution. They came into conflict with The Mountain (''Montagnards''), a radical faction within the Jacobin Club. This conflict eventually led to the fall of the Girondists and their mass execution, the beginning of the Reign of Terror. The Girondists comprised a group of loosely affiliated individuals rather than an organized political party, and the name was at first informally applied because the most prominent exponents of their point of view were deputies to the Legislative Assembly from the department of Gironde in southwest France. The term became standard with Lamartine's history in 1847.〔J. F. Bosher, ''The French Revolution'' (1989) pp 185-91〕
Girondist leader Jacques-Pierre Brissot proposed an ambitious military plan to spread the Revolution—one that Napoleon later achieved. He called on the Convention to dominate Western Europe by conquering the Rhineland, Poland, and Holland, with a goal of creating a protective ring of satellite republics in Britain, Spain and Italy by 1795. The Girondists were thus the war party in 1792–93. Other prominent Girondists included Jean Marie Roland and his wife Madame Roland. They had an ally in the English-born, sometime American, activist Thomas Paine. Brissot and Madame Roland were executed and Jean Roland (who had gone into hiding) committed suicide when he learned what had transpired. Paine was arrested and imprisoned but narrowly escaped execution. The famous painting ''Death of Marat'' depicts the killing of the fiery radical journalist (and denouncer of the Girondists) Jean-Paul Marat by the Girondist sympathizer Charlotte Corday, who was executed.
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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