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Givinostat
Givinostat (INN〔World Health Organization (2010). ("International Nonproprietary Names for Pharmaceutical Substances (INN). Recommended INN: List 63". ) ''WHO Drug Information'' 24 (1): 58–9.〕) or gavinostat (originally ITF2357) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and antineoplastic activities.〔National Cancer Institute (2010). ("Gavinostat". ) ''NCI Cancer Dictionary''. U.S. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 2010-09-15.〕 It is a hydroxamate used in the form of its hydrochloride.
Givinostat is in numerous phase II clinical trials (including for relapsed leukemias and myelomas),〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=ClinicalTrials.gov )〕 and has been granted orphan drug designation in the European Union for the treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and polycythaemia vera.
ITF2357 was discovered at Italfarmaco of Milan, Italy. It was patented in 1997 and first described in the scientific literature in 2005.〔(WO patent application 1997/043251 ), "Compounds with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities", published 1997-11-20, assigned to Italfarmaco S.p.A.〕〔Leoni F, Fossati G. (2005). ("The histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 reduces production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and systemic inflammation in vivo". ) ''Molecular Medicine'' 11: 1. . PMID 16557334.〕
==Adverse effects==
In clinical trials of givinostat as a salvage therapy for advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma, the most common adverse reactions were fatigue (seen in 50% of participants), mild diarrhea or abdominal pain (40% of participants), moderate thrombocytopenia (decreased platelet counts, seen in one third of patients), and mild leukopenia (a decrease in white blood cell levels, seen in 30% of patients). One-fifth of patients experienced prolongation of the QT interval, a measure of electrical conduction in the heart, severe enough to warrant temporary suspension of treatment.〔Tan J, Cang S, Ma Y, Petrillo RL, Liu D (2010). ("Novel histone deacetylase inhibitors in clinical trials as anti-cancer agents". ) ''Journal of Hematology & Oncology'' 3: 5. . PMID 20132536. Review.〕
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