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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Glycosynthase ： ウィキペディア英語版 Glycosynthase The term Glycosynthase refers to a class of proteins that have been engineered to catalyze the formation of a glycosidic bond. Glycosynthase are derived from glycosidase enzymes, which catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds.〔Hancock, S. M.; Vaughan, M. D.; Withers, S. G. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology. 2006, 10, 509–519〕 They were traditionally formed from retaining glycosidase by mutating the active site nucleophilic amino acid (usually an aspartate or glutamate) to a small non-nucleophilic amino acid (usually alanine or glycine). More modern approaches use directed evolution to screen for amino acid substitutions that enhance glycosynthase activity.〔Mayer, C.; Jakeman, D. L.; Mah, M.; Karjala, G.; Gal, L.; Warren, R. A. J.; Withers, S. G. Chemistry & Biology. 2001, 8, 437-443〕 == The first glycosynthase == Two discoveries led to the development of glycosynthase enzymes. The first was that a change of the active site nucleophile of a glycosidase from a carboxylate to another amino acid resulted in a properly folded protein that had no hydrolase activity.〔Withers, S. G.; Rupitz, K.; Trimbur, D.; Warren, R. A. J. Biochemistry. 1992, 31, 9979-9985〕 The second discovery was that some glycosidase enzymes were able to catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosyl fluorides that had the incorrect anomeric configuration.〔Williams, S. J. ; Withers, S. G. Carbohydr. Res. 2000, 327, 27-46〕 The enzymes underwent a transglycosidation reaction to form a disarccharide, which was then a substrate for hydrolase activity.900px The first reported glycosynthase was a mutant of the Agrobacterium sp. β-glucosidase / galactosidase in which the nucleophile glutamate 358 was mutated to an alanine by site directed mutagenesis.〔Mackenzie, L. F.; Wang, Q.; Warren, R. A. J.; Withers, S. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5583-5584〕 When incubated with α-glycosyl fluorides and an acceptor sugar it was found to catalyze the transglycosidation reaction without any hydrolysis. This glycosynthase was used to synthesize a series of di- and trisaccharide products with yields between 64% and 92%. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Glycosynthase」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.