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Gnossiennes
The ''Gnossiennes'' ((:gnosjεn)) are several piano compositions written by the French composer Erik Satie in the late 19th century. The works are for the most part in free time (lacking time signatures or bar divisions) and highly experimental with form, rhythm and chordal structure. The form as well as the term was invented by Satie.
==Etymology==
Satie's coining of the word ''gnossienne'' was one of the rare occasions when a composer used a new term to indicate a new "type" of composition. Satie used many novel names for his compositions (''vexations'', ''フランス語:croquis et agaceries'' and so on). ''Ogive'', for example, had been the name of an architectural element until Satie used it as the name for a composition, the ''Ogives''. ''Gnossienne'', however, was a word that did not exist before Satie used it as a title for a composition. The word appears to be derived from "gnosis"; Satie was involved in gnostic sects and movements at the time that he began to compose the ''Gnossiennes''.〔(satie-archives.com )〕 However, some published versions claim〔 that the word derives from Cretan "knossos" or "gnossus"; this interpretation supports the theory linking the ''Gnossiennes'' to the myth of Theseus, Ariadne and the Minotaur. Several archeological sites relating to that theme were famously excavated around the time that Satie composed the ''Gnossiennes''.
It is possible that Satie might have drawn inspiration for the title of these compositions from a passage in John Dryden's 1697 translation of the ''Aeneid'', in which it is thought the word first appeared:
Let us the land which Heav'n appoints, explore;
Appease the winds, and seek the Gnossian shore.〔Dryden, John, ''The Works of Virgil: Containing his Pastorals, Georgics, and Aeneis.'' London: Jacob Tonson, 1697. Book III, line 153.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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