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Godesburg
The Godesburg is a castle in Bad Godesberg, a formerly independent part of Bonn, Germany.
Built in the early 13th century on the Godesberg, a hill of volcanic origin, it was largely destroyed following a siege in 1583 at the start of the Cologne War.〔http://www.bonn-region.de/english/sightseeing/fortresses-and-castles/fortress-godesburg-with-st-michael-chapel.html〕 In 1891, the German emperor Wilhelm II donated the castle's ruin to the city of Bad Godesberg.
In 1959, the ruin was rebuilt according to plans by Gottfried Böhm, to house a hotel and restaurant. Today, the restaurant is still in operation, but the hotel tract has been divided into apartments.
==Location==
The site has a controversial history. Growing out of the nineteenth-century ''Heimat'' movement, historians speculated that in the pre-Christian era, the inhabitants probably used the peak to call to the god ''Wotan'', the god of war, death and the hunt, and other attributes, establishing a custom that led eventually to the erection of a house of prayer on the site. They found early mention of the site in 9th century documents, and again in the 12th century, documents continue to refer to it as ''Gotensberg'', or ''Gotensperg''. first mentioned in documents from the early 8th century, was supposedly built on an old cult site and its name derived from the old Germanic ''Wotansberg'', ''Woudensberg'', or ''Gotansberg''.〔Eckart Stiehl. ''Die Stadt Bonn und ihr Umland: ein geographischer Exkursionsführer''. Ferd. Dümmlers Verlag. ISBN 978-3-427-71661-7, 1997.〕 In the 10th century, documents from the reign of Otto I in 927, and Otto II in 974, suggested that a religious community had been located on the mountain peak, thus the name ''Gottesberg''. From this speculation, the idea emerged that the fort itself was established on an ancient cult site.〔 Weyden, pp. 35–36; see also Adrian Room, ''Placenames of the world: origins and meanings of the names for 6,600 countries, cities, territories, natural features, and historic sites''. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 1999 (), ISBN 0-7864-2248-3, p. 43. Other arguments suggest that the name originated in the German word, ''Goding'', or ''Gaugericht'', a type of justice, but this assertion is also made with the additional statement that the ruins of the fortress date from an old Roman fort created by Julian. For this argument, see Francis Coghlan, ''Handbook for Central Europe'', London: Hughes, 1844, p. 98.〕
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