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The Goetheanum, located in Dornach (near Basel), Switzerland, is the world center for the anthroposophical movement. The building was designed by Rudolf Steiner and named after Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. It includes two performance halls (1500 seats), gallery and lecture spaces, a library, a bookstore, and administrative spaces for the Anthroposophical Society; neighboring buildings house the Society's research and educational facilities. Conferences focusing on themes of general interest or directed toward teachers, farmers, doctors, therapists, and other professionals are held at the center throughout the year. Both the present Goetheanum building and its precursor have been widely cited as masterpieces of modern architecture,〔Both Goetheanum buildings are listed as among the most significant 100 buildings of modern architecture by Goulet, Patrice, ''Les Temps Modernes?'', L'Architecture D'Aujourd'hui, December 1982〕〔(Rudolf Steiner ), Great Buildings Online〕〔Michael Brennan, (rudolf steiner ), ''Artnet''〕〔Hortola, Policarp. "The Aesthetics of haemotaphonomy: A study of the stylistic parallels between a science and literature and the visual arts". ''Eidos'' 2009, n.10, pp. 162-193〕〔(Spirituelles Gemeinschaftswerk Das Erste Goetheanum in Dornach – eine Ausstellung im Schweizerischen Architekturmuseum Basel ), ''Neue Zurcher Zeitung'' 10.5.2012〕 The Goetheanum is open for visitors seven days a week and offers tours several times daily. ==First Goetheanum== The First Goetheanum, a timber and concrete structure designed by Rudolf Steiner,〔Patrice Goulet, "Les Temps Modernes?", ''L'Architecture D'Aujourd'hui'', Dec. 1982, pp. 8-17.〕〔Goetheanum I in The Great Buildings Collection, compiled by ''ArchitectureWeek''. (Great buildings online listing )〕 was one of seventeen buildings Steiner designed and supervised between 1908 and 1925.〔David Adams, "Rudolf Steiner's First Goetheanum as an Illustration of Organic Functionalism", ''The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians'', 51(2), 182-204, June 1992. (Abstract )〕 It was intended as a ''Gesamtkunstwerk'' (the synthesis of diverse artistic media and sensory effects), infused with spiritual significance.〔Eugene Santomasso, ''Origins and Aims of German Expressionist Architecture: An essay into the expressionist frame of mind in Germany, especially as typified in the work of Rudolf Steiner'', Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 1973, AAT 7616368. (Dissertation extract )〕 Begun in 1913 to house the annual summer theater events of the Anthroposophical Society,〔Beate Steinberg, ''Sculptural Architecture: Rudolf Steiner's Goetheanum at Dornach, from wood to concrete'', Master's thesis, California State University, 1976, AAT 1308149.〕 it rapidly became the center of a small colony of spiritual seekers located in Dornach and based around Steiner.〔Anna Sokolina, ed., co-author, ''Architecture and Anthroposophy'', "Part One: Origins", "Part Two: New Impulses", 1st and 2nd edition, M: KMK, 2001, 2010.〕 Numerous visual artists contributed to the building: architects created the unusual double-dome wooden structure over a curving concrete base, stained glass windows added color into the space, painters decorated the ceiling with motifs depicting the whole of human evolution, and sculptors carved huge column bases, capitals, and architraves with images of metamorphoses.〔〔 Already during the construction, musicians, actors and movement artists began performing a wide variety of pieces in a neighboring workshop. When the Goetheanum hall was completed, in 1919, these performances moved onto the stage located under the Goetheanum's smaller cupola. The auditorium was located under the larger cupola. This building was destroyed by arson on New Year's Eve, December 31, 1922 – January 1, 1923.〔Bernadette (Becky) Schwarz, ''A Study of Rudolf Steiner's First Goetheanum'', M.A. thesis, Michigan State University, 1983.〕〔"Home of Theosophy Burns", ''The New York Times'', Jan 2, 1923.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Goetheanum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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