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Goleniów (; (ドイツ語:Gollnow)) is a town in Pomerania, northwestern Poland with 22,399 inhabitants (2004). It is the capital of Goleniów County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (since 1999); previously it was in Szczecin Voivodeship (1975–1998). Town area is , geographical situation 53°33'N and 14°49'E. It is situated in the centre of Goleniowska Forest on Goleniów Plain, near main roads numbers 3 and 6. Nearby town-part: Helenów The international airport Szczecin-Goleniów "Solidarność" Airport is located just East of the town. == History == Goleniow, then Gollnow, was founded twice: First, Barnim I, Duke of Pomerania granted the settlement Magdeburg Law and additional privileges in 1264, yet the town was rechartered with Lübeck Law, which favoured the local merchants, in 1314.〔Peter Oliver Loew, ''Staatsarchiv Stettin: Wegweiser durch die Bestände bis zum Jahr 1945'', a translation of Radosław Gaziński, Paweł Gut, Maciej Szukała, ''Archiwum Państwowe w Szczecinie, Poland. Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Państwowych'', Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2004, p.286, ISBN 3-486-57641-0〕 The town grew by exploiting the vast timber reserves in the town-owned forests, and by trade.〔 Gollnow was connected to the Baltic Sea trade routes by the port of Ihnamünde at the mouth of the Ihna (now Ina) river.〔 Competition with nearby Stettin (now Szczecin) led to a series of conflicts between the two towns, the differences were set aside only in 1615 when the towns signed a reconciling treaty.〔 The Thirty Years' War devastated the town, and as a consequence of the post-war Peace of Westphalia (1648) and Treaty of Stettin (1653), Gollnow remained with Sweden who had occupied the area since the Treaty of Stettin (1630).〔 The border with Brandenburg-Prussian Pomerania now ran close to the town, and cut Gollnow off from its economic hinterland, which hindered recovery from the war.〔 Between 1677 and 1693, Gollnow was occupied by Brandenburg-Prussia.〔 In the years that followed, the number of craftsmen in the town grew steadily.〔 In 1720, Sweden lost her possessions south of the Peene and east of the Peenestrom rivers, including Gollnow, to Prussia in the Treaty of Stockholm. In the 19th century, craft and trade were joined by industry - Gollnow hosted a coppersmith, a needle fabrication, several facilities for the manufacturing of furniture, three breweries, a distillery, and five water mills.〔 In the late 19th and early 20th century, Gollnow became an important railroad junction, when it was connected to Neudamm and Naugard in 1882, to Kammin and Wollin in 1892, and to Massow in 1903.〔Peter Oliver Loew, ''Staatsarchiv Stettin: Wegweiser durch die Bestände bis zum Jahr 1945'', a translation of Radosław Gaziński, Paweł Gut, Maciej Szukała, ''Archiwum Państwowe w Szczecinie, Poland. Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Państwowych'', Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2004, p.287, ISBN 3-486-57641-0〕 Gollnow was part of the reconstituted Prussian province of Pomerania from 1815 to 1945. On 7 March 1945, the town was captured by the Red Army and became Polish. The population fled or was expelled and the town was resettled with Poles. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Goleniów」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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