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Gordonstoun school is a co-educational independent school for boarding and day pupils in Moray, Scotland. Named after the estate originally owned by Sir Robert Gordon in the 17th century, the school now uses this estate as its campus. It is located near Duffus to the north-west of Elgin.〔 〕 It is sometimes referred to as a "public school" in the English usage of the term as defined by the Public Schools Act 1868, as the school follows certain practices such as usage of the Common Entrance Exam for the 13+ entry age. Founded in 1934 by German educator Kurt Hahn, Gordonstoun has an enrolment of around 500 full boarders as well as about 100 day pupils between the ages of eight and 18. With the number of teaching staff exceeding 100 there is a low student-teacher ratio compared to the average in the United Kingdom. There are nine boarding houses, including three 17th century buildings that were part of the original estate; the other houses have been built or modified since the school was established. Gordonstoun has many notable alumni. Three previous generations of British royalty were educated at Gordonstoun since its establishment including the Duke of Edinburgh and the Prince of Wales. Due to Dr. Hahn's influence, the school has a strong connection with Germany and forms part of the Round Square Conference of Schools, a group of over 80 schools across the globe also founded by Hahn. Around 30% of students attending Gordonstoun come from abroad. ==History== The British Salem School of Gordonstoun was established in 1934 by Kurt Hahn after being asked by friends to give a demonstration in the UK of his "Salem system".〔Brereton 1950. p29〕 He was born in Berlin in 1886 and studied at the University of Oxford.〔Röhrs 1970. p. xix〕 After reading Plato's ''The Republic'' as a young man, he conceived the idea of a modern school and with the help of Prince Max of Baden he set up the Schule Schloss Salem in 1919.〔Röhrs 1970. p. 22〕 After the First World War, both men decided that education was key in influencing the future and so Salem was built in order to make leaders of the community out of its pupils. By the 1930s it had already become a very renowned school throughout the whole of Europe. In 1932 Hahn spoke out against the Nazis and was arrested in March 1933. He was released and was exiled to Britain in the same year through the influence of the Prime Minister, Ramsey MacDonald, who was familiar with Hahn's work.〔Röhrs 1970. p. xx〕 It was then that he decided to start a new school in Morayshire. Gordonstoun started in a small way and had financial difficulties. After the death in 1930 of Sir William Gordon-Cumming, 4th Baronet his house at Gordonstoun was obtained by Kurt Hahn, whose offer for the lease was accepted on 14 March 1934〔Arnold-Brown 1962. p. 3〕 but the buildings were in need of much repair and at the start of the first academic year there were only two pupils.〔Brereton 1950. p. 29-30〕 It had been decided that Gordonstoun would only last a few years and was only to serve as an example of what Hahn's vision entailed. The number of pupils steadily increased and some additional pupils transferred from Salem, including Prince Philip of Greece, now the Duke of Edinburgh. By the start of the Second World War 135 boys were attending.〔Brereton 1950. p. 33〕 In June 1940 the school was evacuated and the Gordonstoun estate was taken over by the army for use as barracks. A temporary home was found for the school in Montgomeryshire in Mid Wales〔 when Lord Davies, a parent of two of the pupils, allowed the school to use one of his houses there. The buildings were insufficient and finances and pupil numbers began to drop. The school survived the war, pupil numbers grew and the school became well known throughout Wales and the Midlands.〔Brereton 1950. p. 34-35〕 Once the war had ended the school was able to return to the Gordonstoun estate.〔Röhrs 1970. p. 50〕 By the end of the 1940s the school achieved its primary target of 250 pupils and continued growing in size.〔Brereton 1950. p. 54〕 It managed to build more boarding houses on the estate, removing the need of a house in Altyre, Forres, many miles away from the main campus. Gordonstoun also continued in its growth in education. Schemes were set up to allow poorer children from the surrounding areas to attend, as well as deepening the outward bound activities, which were central to Hahn's system.〔Brereton 1950. p. 49〕 Skills in mountaineering and seamanship were always taught at the school but the introduction of the Moray Badge, from which the Duke of Edinburgh's Award was borrowed, expanded this.〔Brereton 1950. p. 48-49〕 From the 1950s onwards, with the foundations of the school firmly set, more focus was put into improving the facilities and expanding the curriculum.〔Röhrs 1970. p. 58〕 Major changes since then include: the founding of Round Square in 1966,〔 an international community of schools sharing Hahn's educational ideals; the school officially becoming co-educational in 1972; and the moving of Aberlour House, Gordonstoun's preparatory school, from Speyside to a purpose built Junior School on campus in 2004.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gordonstoun」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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