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Corduene
Corduene (also known as ''Gorduene'', ''Cordyene'', ''Cardyene'', ''Carduene'', ''Gordyene'', ''Gordyaea'', ''Korduene'', ''Gordian''; (アルメニア語:Կորճայք ''Korchayk''); (ギリシア語:Κορδυηνή ''Kordyene''); Hebrew:〔Efraim Elimelech Urbach, I. Abrahams, ''The Sages'', 1089 pp., Magnes Press, 1979, ISBN 965-223-319-6, p.552〕''קרטיגיני'' ) was an ancient region located in northern Mesopotamia, present-day south-eastern Turkey and northern Iraq.
According to the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Gordyene is the ancient name of the region of ''Bohtan'' (now Şırnak Province).〔(DARIUS III - DARIUS III, from 1911 Encyclopedia Britanica. )〕 It is mentioned as ''Beth Qardu'' in Syriac sources and is described as a small vassal state between Armenia and Persia in the mountainous area south of Lake Van in modern Turkey〔(Parthian City Index )〕 Corduene must also be sought on the left bank of the Tigris.
It has been cited as the country of the ''Carduchians'', a fertile mountainous district, rich in pasturage.〔(Persia - LoveToKnow 1911 )〕 The three principalities of ''Corduene'', ''Moxoene'', and ''Zabdicene'' are referred to as ''Carduchian'' dynasties by Toumanoff.〔C. Toumanoff, ''Introduction to Christian Caucasian History II: Status and Dynasties of the Formative Period'', Traditio, Vol. XVII, pp.1-107, 1961, Frodham University Press, New York. (see pp.31-32)〕 The Kingdom of Gordyene emerged from the declining Seleucid Empire and for most of its history, it was a province of the Roman Empire〔(Theodor Mommsen History of Rome - The Establishment of the Military Monarchy Page 24 )〕
and acknowledged the sovereignty of Rome.〔(The History of the Decline and Fall of The Roman Empire - Vol 2 - Chapter XXIV Part IV )〕 From 189 to 90 BC, it enjoyed a period of independence. The people of Gorduene were known to have worshipped the Hurrian sky God Teshub.〔Olaf A. Toffteen, ''Notes on Assyrian and Babylonian Geography'', The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, pp.323-357, 1907, p.341〕
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