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__notoc__ Graea or Graia ((ギリシア語:Γραῖα) ') was a city on the coast of Boeotia in ancient Greece. It is placed under Boeotia in Homer's Catalogue of Ships. It seems to have included the city of Oropos, though by the fifth century BC it was probably a ''kome'' (district) of that city.〔G. S. Kirk, ''The Iliad: A Commentary: Volume 1, Books 1-4''. Cambridge University Press, 1985, ISBN 0-521-28171-7, p. 191.〕 According to Pausanias the name was a shortcut of the original name ''Tanagraia'', who was daughter of Asopos. Graia was a greater area including Avlida, Mycalissos, Arma etc.〔Pausanias: Boeotica 20–24〕 It is also described by some sources as a city; Fossey argues for its identification with the hill of Dhrámesi 8 km from Tanagra,〔John M. Fossey, "The Identification of Graia," ''Euphrosyne'' 4 (1970), pp. 3–22.〕 while others suggest it is identical with Oropos itself.〔Simon Hornblower and Elaine Matthews, ''Greek Personal Names: Their Value as Evidence''. Oxford University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-19-726216-3, p. 95; similarly Maria Stamatopoulou and Marina Yeroulanou, ''Excavating Classical Culture: Recent Archaeological Discoveries in Greece''. Archaeopress, 2002, ISBN 1-84171-411-9, p. 151.〕 Graea was sometimes said to be the oldest city of Greece. Aristotle said that this city was created before the deluge. The same assertion about the origins of Graia city is found in an ancient marble, the Parian Chronicle, discovered in 1687 and dated to 267–263 BC, that is currently kept in Oxford and on Paros. Reports about this ancient city can be also found in Homer, in Pausanias, in Thucydides, etc. The name Graïke ( ) was used of the Oropus area, which was dependent on Athens during the Peloponnesian War, by Thucydides, and the term was also used by Stephanus of Byzantium.〔Thucydides, ''Histories'' 2.23.3 〕〔cf. Stephanus of Byzantium, ''Ethnica'' s.v. Oropus.〕 The word Γραικός (''Graecus'', ''Greek'') is interpreted as "inhabitant of Graia" by some authors.〔Hatzidakis, 1977, quoted in Babiniotis Dictionary〕 The German historian George Bussolt suggested that the name Graeci was given initially by the Romans to the colonists from ''Graia'' who helped the Euboeans to establish Cumae in southern Italy, and was then used for all Greeks.〔Online Etymology Dictionary.()〕 The classicist Robin Lane Fox states that Oropus was either located in or identical with the city Graia, and writes:
The ethnonym comes from the adjective γραῖα ''graia'' "old woman", derived from the PIE root '' *ǵerh2-/ *ǵreh2-'', "to grow old" via Proto-Greek '' *gera-/grau-iu'';〔R. S. P. Beekes, ''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', Brill, 2009, p. 285.〕 the same root later gave γέρας ''geras'' (/keras/), "gift of honour" in Mycenean Greek.〔R. S. P. Beekes, ''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', Brill, 2009, p. 267.〕 ' () may be interpreted "inhabitant of Graia". Aristotle uses ' as equivalent to Hellenes, and believes that it was the name originally used by Illyrians for the Dorians in Epirus.〔(Online Etymology Dictionary ).〕〔Aristotle, ''Meteorologica'' I.xiv〕 ==See also== *Boeotia *Graïke *Names of the Greeks *Ogyges *Minyans 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Graea」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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