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Granastrapotherium
''Granastrapotherium'' is an extinct genus of ungulate mammal described from remains found in rocks of the Honda Group in the Tatacoa Desert,〔Mauricio Pardo Jaramillo. (Reporte de un nuevo ejemplar de ''Granastrapotherium snorki'' en el Valle Superior del Magdalena, Desierto de la Tatacoa, Huila. Colombia ).. ''Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc''. 34 (131): 253-256, 2010. ISSN 0370-3908.〕 in the Colombian departments of Huila and Tolima, at the Miocene fossil site La Venta. The only species formally recognized is ''Granastrapotherium snorki'' (from Spanish, ''gran'', "great"; ''Astrapotherium'', "lightning beast"; and snorkel, breathing tube, in reference to the trunk). Remains found in Bolivia and Peru,〔Antoine, R., Salas-Gismondi, P., Baby, M., Benammi, S., Brusset, D., de Franceschi, N., Espurt, C., Goillot, F., Pujos, J., Tejada and M. Urbina. The Middle Miocene (Laventan) Fitzcarrald fauna, Amazonian Peru. 2007. P''roceedings of the European Meeting on the Palaeontology and Stratigraphy of Latin America, Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, nº 8. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España'', Madrid, 2007.〕 seem to belong to ''Granastrapotherium'' or a very similar animal.
This astrapothere differs from its coeval, the uruguaytheriine astrapotheriid ''Xenastrapotherium'' by their larger size, between 2.5 to 3.5 tonnes, with tusks about one meter long, making it one of the largest representatives of Astrapotheria, only surpassed by some species of ''Parastrapotherium''. Other differences include the presence of only one premolar, the lack of incisors in both jaws and the disposition of the canine tooth, which are very large and horizontal, which reminds much less of those of hippos and more of the tusks of some ancient relatives of elephants (such as ''Palaeomastodon''), although the defences in elephants and their relatives are not formed by the canines but the incisors. Similarly, the large nostrils appear extremely withdrawn on the skull, so this creature had to have a larger trunk than other astrapotheres. Most likely, like elephants, this animal used its muscular proboscis together with its tusks to cut leaves off trees and shrubs.〔Johnson, Steven C. & Madden, Richard H. 1997. Uruguaytheriinae Astrapotheres of Tropical South America. Chapter 22 in “Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics. The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia”. Edited by Richard F. Kay, Richard H. Madden, Richard L. Cifelli, and John J. Flynn. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington and London.〕
==Phylogeny==
Cladogram based in the phylogenetic analysis published by Vallejo-Pareja ''et al''., 2015, showing the position of ''Granastrapotherium'':
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