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Green Line refers to the demarcation lines set out in the 1949 Armistice Agreements between the armies of Israel and those of its neighbors (Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria) after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The name derives from the green ink used to draw the line on the map while the armistice talks were going on.〔Green Line: the name given to the 1949 Armistice lines that constituted the ''de facto'' borders of pre-1967 Israel — ("Glossary: Israel" ), ''Library of Congress Country Studies''〕 From Israel's perspective, the territories "beyond" the Green Line came to be designated as East Jerusalem, the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Golan Heights and Sinai Peninsula (the Sinai Peninsula has since been returned to Egypt as part of the 1979 peace treaty). The Green Line became especially significant in Israel after Israel captured these territories in the Six-Day War in 1967, when Israeli maps contained the Green Line. These territories have since 1967 often been referred to as Israeli occupied territories. The Green Line was not intended to be a border. The 1949 Armistice Agreements were clear (at Arab insistence) that they were not creating permanent borders. The Egyptian-Israeli agreement, for example, stated that "the Armistice Demarcation Line is not to be construed in any sense as a political or territorial boundary, and is delineated without prejudice to rights, claims and positions of either Party to the Armistice as regards ultimate settlement of the Palestine question."〔(Egypt Israel ) Armistice Agreement UN Doc S/1264/Corr.1 23 February 1949〕 Similar provisions are contained in the Armistice Agreements with Jordan and Syria. The Agreement with Lebanon stipulated that forces shall be withdrawn to the Israel-Lebanon international border. The Green Line is often referred to as the "pre-1967 borders" or the "1967 borders" by many international bodies and national leaders, including the United States president (currently Barack Obama),〔"Obama calls for Israel's return to pre-1967 borders" By Tom Cohen, CNN, May 19, 2011 ()〕 Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas,〔"Palestinian leader Abbas affirms hope for state in pre-1967 lines" BBC News, 2 November 2012, ()〕 by the United Nations in informal texts,〔"The Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People (CEIRPP) is mandated by the UN General Assembly to (...) support the peace process for the achievement of the two-State solution on the basis of pre-1967 borders..." ()〕 and in the text of UN General Assembly Resolutions.〔for example, "A/RES/67/120 Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the occupied Syrian Golan" Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 18 December 2012 ()〕 ==History== The Green Line refers to the demarcation lines, rather than permanent borders, between Israeli forces and those of its hostile neighbours.〔 All movement across the demarcation lines was banned and monitored by the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO). Most commonly, the term was applied to the boundary between Jordan-controlled Jerusalem and the West Bank and Israel. The drawing of the Green Line superseded entirely the partition lines proposed and voted on by the United Nations in the Partition Plan of 1947 and which Israel had accepted in the Israeli Declaration of Independence. The Palestinian and Arab leaders had repeatedly rejected any permanent partition of Mandate Palestine. In 1967, after Israel seized all the territories of the former Mandate Palestine, as well as other territories, the demarcation lines became militarily irrelevant, and the status of the Green Line became uncertain. In 1970, Stephen M. Schwebel, while a deputy legal advisor to the U.S. Department of State (1961–1981), wrote in the ''American Journal of International Law'' that "...modifications of the 1949 armistice lines among those States within former Palestinian territory are lawful (if not necessarily desirable), whether those modifications are...'insubstantial alterations required for mutual security' or more substantial alterations—such as recognition of Israeli sovereignty over the whole of Jerusalem." In a footnote, he wrote: "It should be added that the armistice agreements of 1949 expressly preserved the territorial claims of all parties and did not purport to establish definitive boundaries between them."〔Mr. HERZOG (Israel) speaking at the UNGA 47th PLENARY MEETING Wednesday, 26 October 1977. "98. Professor Schwebel"()〕 Although Israel has always formally argued that the Green Line has no legal significance, the Green Line continued to have political, legal and administrative significance, as the territories beyond the Green Line, unlike those within the Green Line, were regarded in Israel as occupied territories, and not incorporated into Israeli political and civilian administrative systems. The territories beyond the Green Line were administered by the Israeli military or later also by the Palestinian Authority.〔Yisrael Ya'akov Yuval, ("Where is the Green Line" ), ''Two Thousand'', Vol. 29, no. 971, 2005 〕〔Akiva Eldar, ("What is the Green Line" ), ''Haaretz'', July 21, 2006 〕 Citizenship by residence, for example, was determined with reference to the Green Line, as well as a person's refugee status. The extension of the municipality boundary of Jerusalem in 1980 was an exception to this position. Although Jerusalem was a part of territory beyond the Green Line that was occupied by Jordan until 1967, Israel declared Jerusalem "complete and united" as the capital of Israel according to the 1980 Basic Jerusalem Law,〔〔 an action which has not been recognised by any country or by the UN Security Council. A notional Green Line continues to divide Jerusalem at the boundary of East Jerusalem. The Golan Heights are another exception, having been informally incorporated with the 1981 Golan Heights Law, which the UN Security Council announced as null and without any international legal effect. Israeli settlements are also essentially subject to the laws of Israel rather than the Palestinian Authority's laws. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Green Line (Israel)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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